????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????.

????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????, ???? ????? , ????? ???, ????? ??? ????????? (????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????). ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? , ???? ??? ? ???? , ? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????.

???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????:

• ????? ?? ??? ?????? - ???? ?????? ????? , ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? (???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????).
• ????? ?? ?? ??? - ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? (??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????).

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ? ??????????

• Ice climbing - International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
• ???? ??-??, ????? ??????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? , "??? ??????", ?????? 31, ??? 1998, ???? ??"?
• ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???????? , ???? ??? ???
• ???? ????, ???? ??????? , ???? ??????? , 27 ???????? 2013