?????? ????????
(?
??????
:
Tycho Brahe
,
?????
ⓘ
?
,
????
:
Tyge Ottesen Brahe
, ???? "?????? ???????? ????????";
14 ??????
1546
?
24 ????????
1601
) ???
????????
???
????
?????
, ??? ??
???? ????
?
???? ????
. ???? ??? ???????? ?
???????????
???????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?
????????
?
???????
. ??? ????? ?? ?????????
????? ????
.
?????
De nova stella
("?? ???? ???") ???? 1573 ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?
?????? ????????
?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
??????
?
????
. ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? (
?????
), ?????? ??? ??
1572
, ???? ?
??????
?????? ??????
?? ?????
, ???? ?? ???
????? ????
"???????????", ??? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ?
?????????
. ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
????
???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????.
???? ???? ??
??????? ???????????
??
????? ?? ????
??????
????? ??????????
[1]
. ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ??????? ????? ????, ????? ?
???? ???????
???? ??? ??-????????? (???? ??????, ???? ???????????) ?????????? (???? ???????), ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???. ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????
????
, ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ?????
????? ????
.
???? ???????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????
???? ???? ?
???? ?????????
, ?????? ????????? ?????? ?
???????
, ?
?????
, ????? (???? ????
??????
) ???
?? ????? ???
?? ?? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? "????". ???? ?
????
???? ????
??????
. ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????, ??????? ????,
????? ????
, ????? ?? ????? ???????????. ????
????
??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????
???? ????????
??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?
?? ?????
. ???,
????
????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??
???? ?????
,
????? ?????????-??????
, ????? ?
????? ??? ?? ???????
?? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??
???????
.
???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????
????? ????
?
???? ???????
??? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ?????? ?????
[2]
????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????.
??? ??????? 6-12 ???? ??? ???? ???
?????
???? ?? ????
[3]
, ??-
1559
??? ??????
??????
?
?????????? ???????
.
????? ????
??
1560
, ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????, ??? ????? ?? ?-14 ?????? ???????? ?
??????????
, ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????, ????? ??? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????
????????
?????,
??????
???? ???? ??????????? ???????. ??? ?? ???
??? ???
????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????, ???? ?
??????
??
????
,
De sphaeramundi
??
????? ?? ????????
?-
Cosmographia seu descriptio totius orbis
??
????? ???????
. ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????
??
??? ?????? ??????? -
????
. ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?
?????????? ???????
?-
1562
, ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???,
????? ???
, ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ????? ????.
???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?
???????
: ????
1565
????
?????
??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?
???????
. ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?
???? ?????
???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??
???? ?????? ????
?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?-19 ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ??? ??
?????????? ????????
, ??
????
???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??-
1566
??? ???? ?
?????????? ??????
??????
??????
.
???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?
??????
???? ??. ?? ????? ?????? ?-
1571
???? ???? ??? ????,
???? ????
, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?
???? ???????
???? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????
????? ?????
??????? ?
?????????
????? ??????
??????
. ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ??
????
??????
??????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???, ?? ???? ?? ????.
????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???, ?
????????
?? ???
1572
, ???? ?? ???? ???????
De nova stella
(?? ???? ???), ???? ?? ?????
????
????? "???", ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???-???? ???? ?????. ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ????, ?? ?? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ?? ??????.
????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????
???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ????, ?????? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?
????
??????? ?????? (??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ????) ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?
?? ??
??
??? ??????
. ???? 1576 ??? ?? ???? ?? ?
?????????
(?? ??
????
???????????, ??????), ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?-100 ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? (?? ???? ???? ??????). ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ????, ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????.
?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????, ?????
1581
???? ???? ???,
?????????
(???? ???????), ????? ????? ????. ????????? ??? ???? ??-????? ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????. ???? ?????? ??????
????? ????
???? ?? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
????? ????
[4]
. ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????.
???? ?? ???? ????? ?????
????
1588
???? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ????. ?????? ??? ?????? ???,
???????? ??????
, ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????????, ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????. ?-
1596
, ?? ????? ??????, ???? ???????? ?? ??????, ??????? ?? ??, ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????
[5]
. ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???. ????? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
?????? ????
???? ???? ????????, ???????? ?
????????
????? (?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?
????
). ?????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ????? ???
???? ??????
?????? ???? ?????? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??
?????? ????
, ???? ???? ?
????
??? ???????? ??????, ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????, ????? ????? ????????? ???????.
????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ????
1601
??? ????? ?????? ????? ?-
24 ????????
, ???? 11 ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ????, ??????? ???????? ???: "?? ????? ?????"
[6]
.
???? ???? ?
?????? ???
??????, ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?"????? ???????": "Non fasces, nec opes sola artim sceptra perennant" (?? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ????).
??????? ??????? ????
?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?
??????? ????
???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????, ?????? 11 ??? ???? ????.
??????? ????
???? ????, ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????
????
?????? ?-
1991
??-
1996
, ??? ????? ???? ??????
?????
[7]
.
?-
15 ???????
2010
???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????.
???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????
?????
?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? -
???? ????
. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?
??????
????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
[8]
.
???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????
????? ??????? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???,
?????? ??????
. ?-
29 ??????
1566
?????? ?????? ?
??-???
?????? ??????, ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???
???
[5]
. ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ??????
????
?
????
?????? ????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?
???
??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
[9]
. ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????
????
???? ??
???
, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ??, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?
?????
??
???????
.
???? ??? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???-????, ?????, ???? ???? ??????, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ????? ??
???
??? ?'?, ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?
???? ????
????? ???? ?????. ?? ??
?????? ??????, ???? ???-????
, ???? ????, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?
????
?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????
[10]
.
?-
11 ???????
1572
, ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ???? ???, ???? ???? ?
????
, ?
????? ???????
???????
. ?????? ????
???? ??????
??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?
???
??? ???? ??????, ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???-????, ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ??? ??
????
???? ?? ???
????? ????
??? ?????? ???? ????? ???-????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?"??????" (??????? ????? ?????? ????), ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????, ?????? ?
????? ???????????
????? ????? ?? ??. ????? ??, ??? ?????? ?????
De nova stella
(?? ???? ???), ?? ??? ?? ?????
????
????? ???, ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ??
[11]
.
????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ????. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????.
??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ?? ????? ????? ???? (????? ?- I)
????? 20 ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?
??????
. ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????
???? ????? ???????
???.
????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?
????
????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????, ???
????? ???? ????
?
?????????
. ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??, ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????
[12]
.
???????
1577
????? ?????
???? ????
???? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????
1578
??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????
?? ?????
, ???? ???? ???? ???? ?
????
?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?????
??????
. ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????
De mundi aetherei recentioribus phaenomenis
(??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????), ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?"????? ????". ??
1596
??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????.
?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? (???? ?????) ???? ???? ????. ?????????? ???????? ??????? (????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ????.
???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?
???? ?????????
, ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????
????
?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????, ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?-19. ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??.
????? ???, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ???????? ??
?????
?
????
?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? (??? ?????). ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???
??????? ??????'?
[13]
, ???????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ?? ???? ????? ???? (??????? ??) ?????? ???? ????
[1]
. ??? ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? 1572 ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????.
?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????
???????
, ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????.
???? ??????
??
????? ??????
??????? ???? ?-17 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????
???
?? ???? ??? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??
?'???? ??????
???? ?-18, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????.
- ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?
?????
?????? ????????
????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?
?????
??????? "
????
".
- ????? ??'??
??? ????
??? ?? ???? "???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????", ???? ???? ????
1935
, ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????.
- ????? ??'??
???? ??????
???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? "??????" ????
1990
.
???? ????
??
????
???? ?? ?? ???? ????. ?? ?? ????
???? ????
?? ?
?????
, ??
????????
??
???????
.
?????? ??????? ?????
HEAT 1X Tycho Brahe
, ?????? ???? ??
??????????
???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???.
- John Robert Christianson (2000).
On Tycho's Island: Tycho Brahe and his assistants, 1570?1601
.
Cambridge University Press
.
ISBN
0-521-65081-X
.
- John Robert Christianson (2002).
On Tycho's Island: Tycho Brahe, science, and culture in the sixteenth century
.
Cambridge University Press
.
ISBN
0-521-00884-0
.
- Kitty Ferguson:
The nobleman and his housedog: Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler: the strange partnership that revolutionised science.
London: Review, 2002 ISBN
0-7472-7022-8
(published in the US as:
Tycho & Kepler: the unlikely partnership that forever changed our understanding of the heavens.
New York: Walker, 2002 ISBN
0-8027-1390-4
)
- Joshua Gilder and Anne-Lee Gilder
Heavenly intrigue
. New York: Doubleday, 2004 ISBN
0-385-50844-1
- Arthur Koestler.
The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe
. Hutchinson, 1959; reprinted in Arkana, 1989
- Godfred Hartmann.
Urania. Om mennesket Tyge Brahe
. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1989 ISBN
87-00-62763-1
- Wilson & Taton.
Planetary astronomy from the Renaissance to the rise of astrophysics
1989 CUP (articles by Thoren, Jarell and Schofield on the nature and history of the Tychonic astronomical model)
- ??? ????. "??? ???? ???? ???????". ?? ????: ?????, 1935
- ???? ????
, ????
?????? ????????? ????????
- ???? ????
, ????
MacTutor
(???????)
- ???? ????
,
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????
, ????
????
, 30 ?????? 2009
- ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????
- ???? ???? ?????? ?????
, ???? IBA
- ??? ????
, ???? ??"?
- ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????
, ????
????
, 15 ??????? 2010
- ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????
- ?"? ????? ????,
???? ????: ????????? ????? ???????
, ????? "
???? ???? ????
" ???? ??
???? ??????? ?????? ????
, 14 ?????? 2016
- ??? ??-???,
???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
, ?
????
"???????" ??
??????? ???????
, ??? 2021
- ???? ????
, ???? "
Find a Grave
"
(???????)
- ???? ????
, ????
??????????? ????????
(???????)
- ^
1
2
http://dd.dynamicdiagrams.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/orrery_2006.swf
?? ????? ?? Tychonian ????? ????
- ^
Godfred Hartmann (1989).
Urania. Om mennesket Tyge Brahe (Urania. About Tyge Brahe, the Man)
. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. ISBN
87-00-62763-1
.
- ^
Adam Mosley (2007).
Bearing The Heavens
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p-26 ISBN
9780521838665
.
- ^
Sophia Brahe
,
https://www.sheisanastronomer.org
- ^
1
2
J J O'Connor and E F Robertson.
Tycho Brahe biography
. April 2003. Retrieved 9 August 2011
- ^
Joannis Kepleri astronomi Opera omnia vol. VIII, p. II, p. 742.
- ^
The Copenhagen Post February 4, 2010
. Retrieved August 9, 2011
- ^
???? ????
,
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????
, ????
????
, 30 ?????? 2009
- ^
Pierre Gassendi(1654).
Tycho Brahe, the man and his work
- ^
Fredric Ihren.
"Tycho Brahe's Nose And The Story Of His Pet moose"
.
www.nada.kth.se
.
????? ?-
?????
?-2014-10-09
. ???? ?-
2011-08-10
.
from a translation from Gassendi. April 2003. Retrieved 9 August 2011
- ^
Mosley p. 42
- ^
Noel Swerdlow, Astronomy in the Renaissance, pp. 187-230 in Christopher Walker, ed., Astronomy before the Telescope, (London: British Museum Press, 1996)
- ^
Ramasubramanian, K. (1994), "Modification of the earlier Indian planetary theory by the Kerala astronomers (c. 1500 AD) and the implied heliocentric picture of planetary motion", Current Science 66: pp. 784?90