????? ?????

????? ????? (? ?????? : Concilium Tridentinum ) ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? 1545 ?-1563. ??? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ????-????. ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? , ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??????-???????? . ??? ????, ????? ? ???? ????? ? ?????? ???-?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? "????? ????" (Sola scriptura) ? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? . ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????.

??? ?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? (??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ). ?????? ???, ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ^[1]

????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????????, ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? 1517 ?????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????, ?????? ???????, ?????? " ??????-???????? ", ?? ????????? ???????. ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ????-??? ????, ????????? ?? ???????. ^[2] ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????. ^[3]

???? ???????, ???? ????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?????? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??? ????? 1545?1547, ???? ??? ????? 1551?1552 ??????? ??? ????? 1562?1563. ^[4] ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? (??????? ???? 1547 ??? ?????-??? ??????? ????? ????), ??????? ???? ??????? . ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? . ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? , ???? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????, ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ^[5]

??????? ???? ???? ???????, ?????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????. ??????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????, ???? 1534. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ???? 1549, ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? 1545 ?????? ???? ???? ????????: ????? ???????? , ????? ??????????? , ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? (???????: canonists), ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???. ???? ???????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????: ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? (????? 1549?1551), ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????, ? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? (????? 1562?1563), ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????. ^[6]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????, ^[7] ????? ?? ??-???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. ^[8] ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????:

???? ?????? : ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ^[9]
??????????????? : ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??, ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????????? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? (?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????). ??? ?????? ???????????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ????. ^[10]
????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? : ???? 1546 ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?? ????????? , ??? ????? ?????. ^[11] ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? , ????? ????? ?? ???????????. ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ??? ? ????? ?? ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ????, ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ^[12] ?????, ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????: ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ^[13]
???????? : ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? (?????????). ??? ?????? ???????????, ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????. ^[14] ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????: ????? , ????? ??? ????? ? ?????????, ????? (??????????), ????? , ????? ?????? , ????? ?????? ? ??? ???????? . ^[15] ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????.
?????? ??????? ?????: ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? (??????: ???? ????? , ?????? ? ??? ????? , ????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????). ^[16]
???? ????? : ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???????. ????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? (??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????), ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ^[17]

??????-??? ??????? 1564 ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ^[18]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????, ???? ?? ?????? ????. ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????, ????. ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ^[19]

??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? , ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????: ???? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ????????. ???? ????, ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ????? , ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ????. ???? ???, ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ^[20]

?? ??, ??? ???? ???-???? ????? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ??? ??, ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???. ^[21]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000.
?????, ?????? ? ????, ??? . ?????: ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? - ????? ??????? ????-?????. ???????: ????? ????? ????? , 2002.
?????? , ?'??. ???????????? : ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ???????: ????? ??? , 2013
???, ????? ?????, ????. ????? ?????? : ????? ?? ????? ???? ????-???? ??????? ??? ????"?. ?????: ?? ???? , 2003,
Tingle, Elizabeth. Indulgences in the Catholic Reformation: Polemic and Pastoral Uses of Pardons in France c. 1520?1715. Plymouth University, Reformation and Renaissance Review, Vol. 16 No. 2, July, 2014, 181?204.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????????

Catholic Encyclopedia (1913), Volume 15 ? Council of Trent

http://www.ecatholic2000.com/cathopedia/vol15/volfifteen33.shtml

????? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?'. ?????????'

(J. Waterworth) http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/trentall.html

????? ????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 152?153.
^ ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 149.
^ ??, 152?153.
^ ??, 153.
^ Catholic Encyclopedia (1913), Volume 15 ? Council of Trent http://www.ecatholic2000.com/cathopedia/vol15/volfifteen33.shtml .
^ ??.
^ ??.
^ ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 149.
^ ?????, ?????? ?????, ???. ?????: ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? - ????? ??????? ????-?????. ???????: ????? ????? ?????, 2002, 242.
^ ??, 243.
^ ??, 263?264.
^ ???, ????? ?????, ????. ????? ??????: ????? ?? ????? ???? ????-???? ??????? ??? ????"?. ?????: ??-????, 2003, 25.
^ ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 153.
^ ??, 153.
^ ?????, ?????? ?????, ???. ?????: ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? - ????? ??????? ????-?????. ???????: ????? ????? ?????, 2002, 279.
^ ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460-1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 153.
^ Tingle, Elizabeth. Indulgences in the Catholic Reformation: Polemic and Pastoral Uses of Pardons in France c. 1520-1715. Plymouth University, Reformation and Renaissance Review, Vol. 16 No. 2, July, 2014, 186.
^ ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460-1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 153.
^ ??, 149.
^ ??, 153?155.
^ ??, 155.

[1] ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 152?153.

[2] ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 149.

[3] ??, 152?153.

[4] ??, 153.

[5] Catholic Encyclopedia (1913), Volume 15 ? Council of Trent http://www.ecatholic2000.com/cathopedia/vol15/volfifteen33.shtml .

[6] ??.

[7] ??.

[8] ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 149.

[9] ?????, ?????? ?????, ???. ?????: ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? - ????? ??????? ????-?????. ???????: ????? ????? ?????, 2002, 242.

[10] ??, 243.

[11] ??, 263?264.

[12] ???, ????? ?????, ????. ????? ??????: ????? ?? ????? ???? ????-???? ??????? ??? ????"?. ?????: ??-????, 2003, 25.

[13] ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460?1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 153.

[14] ??, 153.

[15] ?????, ?????? ?????, ???. ?????: ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? - ????? ??????? ????-?????. ???????: ????? ????? ?????, 2002, 279.

[16] ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460-1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 153.

[17] Tingle, Elizabeth. Indulgences in the Catholic Reformation: Polemic and Pastoral Uses of Pardons in France c. 1520-1715. Plymouth University, Reformation and Renaissance Review, Vol. 16 No. 2, July, 2014, 186.

[18] ??????, ?????? ?????, ???'?? .?. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????: 1460-1559. ?????: ????, 2000, 153.

[19] ??, 149.

[20] ??, 153?155.

[21] ??, 155.

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