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????	1952 (?? 72 ????) ; ?'???????, ????
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???? ???????	?????????? ????? ( 1976 ) ; ?????????? ????'? ????'???? ?????? ; ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ;
??????	?????????? ??? ( 1978 ? 1982 ) ; ?????? ??????? ????????? ( 1983 ? 1995 ) ; University of Utah School of Medicine ( 1995 ? 1999 ) ; Laboratory of Molecular Biology ;
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????? ??????	?????? ??? ??? ???? ( 2012 ) ; Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering ( 26 ?????? 2010 ) ; ???? ????????? ( 2022 ) ; ??? ???? ?????? ( 2009 ) ; ??? ????-?'??? ?????? ( 2007 ) ; Knight Bachelor ( 2012 ) ; ???? ???????? ; ???? ????? ???????? ; ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ; ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ;
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??????? ????????? (? ?????? : ???????????? ????????????; ???? ???? 1952 ) ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? (???????: Medical Research Council) ?????? ????? ?????????' ? ?????? . ??? ???? ? ??????? ????' ????? ????? ????? ???????? . ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? 2009 ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? .

????????? ???? ???? 1952 ? ?'?????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ???? . ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???? 1971 ???? ?????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????'? ????'???? ??????, ?????? ???'??? . ??? ??? ? ????? ????? , ?? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? ???? 1976 ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??? ???? ????-???????? ? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????.

???? 1977 ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? 95 ??????. ???? 2000 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??-????? 30S ?? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? ^[1] ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-21 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????.

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??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: A profile . The Times of India, October 7, 2009.
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^ The Structural Basis for the Action of the Antibiotics Tetracycline, Pactamycin, and Hygromycin B on the 30S Ribosomal Subunit . Cell 2000;103:1143-1154. ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????.

[1] The Structural Basis for the Action of the Antibiotics Tetracycline, Pactamycin, and Hygromycin B on the 30S Ribosomal Subunit . Cell 2000;103:1143-1154. ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????.

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1901 ? 1925	??? '? ??? (1901) ? ???? (1902) ? ??????? (1903) ? ???? (1904) ? ??? ????? (1905) ? ?????? (1906) ? ????? (1907) ? ??????? (1908) ? ???????? (1909) ? ???? (1910) ? ???? (1911) ? ??????? , ?????? (1912) ? ???? (1913) ? ???'??? (1914) ? ???????? (1915) ? ?? ????? (1916?1917) ? ??? (1918) ? ?? ????? (1919) ? ????? (1920) ? ???? (1921) ? ????? (1922) ? ???? (1923) ? ?? ????? (1924) ? ?'??????? (1925)
1926 ? 1950	??????? (1926) ? ????? (1927) ? ??????? (1928) ? ???? , ??? ?????-????? (1929) ? ???? (1930) ? ??? , ?????? (1931) ? ???????? (1932) ? ?? ????? (1933) ? ???? (1934) ? ?????? ?'????-???? , ???? ?'????-???? (1935) ? ???? (1936) ? ?????' , ???? (1937) ? ??? (1938) ? ???????? , ???'??'?? (1939) ? ?? ???? (1940?1942) ? ?? ????? (1943) ? ??? (1944) ? ??????? (1945) ? ????? , ??????? , ????? (1946) ? ???????? (1947) ? ??????? (1948) ? ?'??? (1949) ? ???? , ???? (1950)
1951 ? 1975	?????? , ?????? (1951) ? ????? , ????' (1952) ? ????????? (1953) ? ????? ??????? (1954) ? ????? (1955) ? ???????? , ??????? (1956) ? ??? (1957) ? ???? (1958) ? ????????? (1959) ? ???? (1960) ? ?????? (1961) ? ???? , ????? (1962) ? ????? , ??? (1963) ? ????'??? (1964) ? ??????? (1965) ? ?????? (1966) ? ????? , ????? , ????? (1967) ? ??????? (1968) ? ????? , ???? (1969) ? ????? (1970) ? ?????? (1971) ? ??????? , ??? , ????? (1972) ? ???? , ????????? (1973) ? ????? (1974) ? ????????' , ????? (1975)
1976 ? 2000	???????? (1976) ? ??????'?? (1977) ? ????? (1978) ? ????? , ????? (1979) ? ??? , ?????? , ???? (1980) ? ????? , ????? (1981) ? ???? (1982) ? ????? (1983) ? ??????? (1984) ? ??????? , ??? (1985) ? ?????? , ?? , ????? (1986) ? ???? , ??? , ????? (1987) ? ????????? , ???? , ???? (1988) ? ????? , ?'? (1989) ? ???? (1990) ? ????? (1991) ? ????? (1992) ? ????? , ????' (1993) ? ???? (1994) ? ????? , ?????? , ????? (1995) ? ????? , ???? , ????? (1996) ? ???? , ???? , ????? (1997) ? ???? , ???? (1998) ? ????? (1999) ? ???? , ????????? , ???????? (2000)
2001 ?????	???? , ?????? (2001) ? ?????? , ?? , ???? (2002) ? ???? , ??'????? (2003) ? ?'????? , ????? , ??? (2004) ? ???? , ???? , ???? (2005) ? ??????? (2006) ? ???? (2007) ? ??????? , ?'??? , ????? (2008) ? ???? , ????????? , ????? (2009) ? ?? , ????? , ?????? (2010) ? ????? (2011) ? ???????' , ??????? (2012) ? ???? , ?????? , ???? (2013) ? ???? , ?? , ????? (2014) ? ????? , ??????' , ????? (2015) ? ?????? , ?????' , ?????? (2016) ? ?????? , ???? , ??????? (2017) ? ?????? , ????' , ????? (2018) ? ??????? , ????????? , ?????? (2019) ? ???????? , ?????? (2020) ? ???? , ?????? (2021) ? ?????? , ???? , ?????? (2022) ? ?????? , ?????? , ???? (2023)