?.?.?. ????

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H. L. A. Hart
????	18 ????? 1907 ; ??????? , ?????? ???????
?????	19 ?????? 1992 (???? 85) ; ???????? , ?????? ???????
?? ????	Herbert Lionel Ozo
????? ????	??????
???? ???????	????' ?'??????, ??? ????', ??? ??? ???????
??????	?????????? ???????? ; MI5 ;
????? ????????	John Finnis , ???? ??
???	????????? ???????
????? ?????	???? ????? , ????? ??????
?????	????? , ??????? ???????, ???????
????? ?	??? ??? , ?'?? ?????? (?????) , ?'?? ?????? , ?'??? ???'? , ??????? ??????????
????? ??	????? ??????? , ?'?? ???? , ???? ?? , ??? ????
?????	?????? ???????
????? ??????	???? ??????? ???????
?? ?? ?? ???	Jenifer Hart

????? ????? ??????? ???? (? ?????? : H.L.A. Hart ;‏ 18 ????? 1907 ? 19 ?????? 1992 ) ??? ??????? ?????-????? , ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ? ???? ??????? ????? ? ??? ?????? . ???? ?? ???? " ???? ???? ( ??' ) " ???? ??????? ? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ???????? . ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ? ????????? ???????? . ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ? ????????? ???????? .

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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

??????? ?? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ??????. ????? ????? ????, ?'?? ?????, ??? ????????, ???? ????????, ???? ?? , ?'?? ??? ??, ??.?'. ???????, ? ????? ??????? . ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?'?? ???? ????? ? ???? ??????? , ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???.

???? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? ??? ???, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?'?? ?. ?????? ? ??????? ?????????? . ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ?????? ???????????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?'??? ???'? , ???????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? , ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ? ?????????? ?? ????: ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????; ??????? ? ???-???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????, ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? (?????? ???????? ????) ?'?? ?????? : ????? ??? ???? ????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????.

???? ???? (The Concept of Law) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? "???? ????", ???? ???? ??????? ?- 1961 , ??????? ????? (?????? ????? ?????) ???? ???? ???? ?- 1994 . ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?- 1952 , ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???: " ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????" ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? . ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????. ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??:

?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?'?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????, ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????.
?????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? (??????) ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ?? ??????.
????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????: ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? (??????, ????? ??????), ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ?????, ??????? ???????? ???'.
????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? (??????? ????) ??? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ? ?? ????.
????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? .
?????? ?? ??? ????? (Rule of Recognition), ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???. ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?-Grundnorm ?? ????.
????? ?????? (??????? 1994) ? ????? ??????? , ???? ?????? ?? ? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????: "???? ?? ??????? ???????", "????? ?? ??????", ?"???????? ????".

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? "??????? ????" ( 1959 , ?????? ????? 1985 ). ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ?? "???, ????? ?????" ( 1963 ) ??? "???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????" ( 1965 ). ????? ???????? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ???, ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????. ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ? ????????????? , ??? ????.

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????????? ????? "????? ????? ????? ???????" ???? 1975 ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????. ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ^[^{???? ????
]}

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???, ????? ????? , ???????: ???? ??????. ???????: ???, 1981.
- ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????: ??? ?????? , ?? ????: ???? ????? ??? , 2006.

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Essays in Jurisprudence and Philiosphy ,1983.
Essays on Bentham: Studies inb Jurisprudence and Political Theory , 1982.
Punishment and Responsibility , 1968.
The Morality of the Criminal Law , 1964.
Law, Liberty, and Morality , 1963.
The Concept of Law , 1961.
Causation in the Law (with Tony Honore), 1959.
Definition and Theory in Jurisprudence , 1953.

??? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Law, Morality, and Society: Essays in Honour of H.L.A. Hart , edited by P.M.S. Hacker and Joseph Raz.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ??? ???? ?????

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?"? ???? ?????, "???? ?????" (????? ????? ????, 2007), ??' 65-74
????? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ????, ?????? ??(1)(1996)

Nicola Lacey, A Life of H.L.A. Hart: The Nightmare and the Noble Dream . Oxford University Press, 2004.
Fredrick Schauer, "(Re)Takuing Hart," 119 Harv. L. Rev . 852 (2006).
Karen Armstrong, " The Spiral Staircase ". Harper Collins, 2004.
Nicola Lacey, H.L.A. Hart and The Concept of Law (?????? ???? ????) .

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ?.?.?. ???? ? ??????????

???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
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?.?.?. ???? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
????? ????? ??????? ??? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????