?? ????? ??? ?? . ????? ????? ???? ??????, ?? ? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????.
	??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? .	?????

???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????.

?? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? (??????? ???) ???????? (???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????).

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????, ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????, ?????? ??? "???? ??????" ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? " ????? ???? ". ?????? ????? ??? ?????.

???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? (???????), ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? (??????? ???????????) ?? ?????.

????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???. ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ?? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???. ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????:

• "???? ??????" ("?????"): ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????.

?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????.

• "???? ??????": ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????, ??????, ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????.

???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???. ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???. ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????.

??? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? "??? ?????? ??????", ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? (????? ????) ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? (????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????). ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????:

??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????:

${\displaystyle {{\frac {dQ}{dt}}=h\cdot A(T(t)-T_{\text{env}})=h\cdot A\Delta T(t)\quad }}$

????:

• ${\displaystyle Q}$ ? ??? ??????? ?????? ??" ?'?? ".
• ${\displaystyle h}$ ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??(W/m ² K).
• ${\displaystyle A}$ ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??(m ² ).
• ${\displaystyle T}$ ? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???.
• ${\displaystyle T_{\text{env}}}$ ? ??? ???????? ?????? (????????? "????? ??" ?????).
• ${\displaystyle \Delta T(t)=T(t)-T_{\text{env}}}$ ? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????.

???? ???? ???? ????? ? h ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????, ????? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????.

? ?????? ???????? (????? ??????) ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? (?????????), ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? (???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????), ??? ????. ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????, h, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? (???? ????? ??? ?????), ????? ??"? ?? ???? ???? (??? ???? ???), ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ??"? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????.

????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???- C ??? ???? T ??? ????????? ?? ???? (???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????) ??? ?????? ${\displaystyle Q=CT}$, ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????.

?????? ????? ????- C ???? ?? ???? ${\displaystyle C=dQ/dT}$. ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? (???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???) ${\displaystyle dQ/dt=C(dT/dt)}$. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? - ${\displaystyle dQ/dt}$ ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ??? ?? (T(t ??? ???????? ???? ???? t ?- ${\displaystyle T_{env}}$ ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? :

${\displaystyle {\frac {dT(t)}{dt}}=-r(T(t)-T_{\mathrm {env} })=-r\Delta T(t)\quad }$

???? - ${\displaystyle r=hA/c}$. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????, ????????? ?? , ${\displaystyle s^{-1}}$ ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ${\displaystyle t_{0}}$ : ${\displaystyle r=1/t_{0}=-(dT(t)/dt)/\Delta T}$. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ${\displaystyle t_{0}=C/hA}$. (????? ???? ????? C ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? - ${\displaystyle c_{p}}$ ????? ???? ??? M ??? ????? ???? ${\displaystyle t_{0}}$ ???? ?? ?- ${\displaystyle t_{0}=C/hA}$.) ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?? ??? :

${\displaystyle T(t)=T_{\mathrm {env} }+(T(0)-T_{\mathrm {env} })\ e^{-rt}.\quad }$

??? : ${\displaystyle T(t)-T_{\mathrm {env} }\ \quad }$= ${\displaystyle \Delta T(t)\quad }$ ?- ${\displaystyle \Delta T(0)\quad }$ ?? ???? ?????????? ???? 0 ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????:

${\displaystyle \Delta T(t)=\Delta T(0)\ e^{-rt}=\Delta T(0)\ e^{-t/t_{0}}.\quad }$

??:

${\displaystyle {\frac {dT(t)}{dt}}={\frac {d\Delta T(t)}{dt}}=-{\frac {1}{t_{0}}}\Delta T(t)\quad }$

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]