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Howard Hathaway Aiken
????	8 ???? 1900 ; ?????? , ????? ?????
?????	14 ???? 1973 (???? 73) ; ??? ????? , ????? ?????
??? ????	??????? ??????? , ???? ?????
???? ??????	?????? , ???? ????????
???? ?????	Lauderdale Memorial Park
???? ???????	Arsenal Technical High School ( 1918 ) ; ?????????? ?????????-?????? ( 1923 ) ; ?????????? ????? ( 1935 ) ; ?????????? ??????? ( 1939 ) ;
???? ????????	????? ???? ?'???
??????	?????????? ????? ( 1961 ? 1973 ) ; IBM ( 1937 ? 1940 ) ; ?? ????? ????? ( 1940 ? 1945 ) ; ?????????? ( 1927 ? 1931 ) ; Madison Gas and Electric ( 1918 ? 1927 ) ; ?????????? ??????? ( 1945 ? 1961 ) ;
?????? ???????	Gerrit Blaauw , Martin Greenberger , Warren Lloyd Semon , Peter Calingaert , Albert L. Hopkins , ??? ????? , Leroy Brown Martin, Jr. , ??? ??????? , Robert Lovett Ashenhurst , ????? ?. ????? , ?????? ?????? , Gerard Salton
????? ??????	????? ?????? ( 1970 ) ; ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ( 2014 ) ; ??? ???? ???? ??? ( 1964 ) ; ?????? ?'?? ????? ??'??? ( 1964 ) ; ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ( 1947 ) ;

?????? ??'???? ????? (? ?????? : Howard Hathaway Aiken ,‏ 8 ???? 1900 - 14 ???? 1973 ) ??? ???? ???? ??????? , ?? ?????? ??????? . ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? 1 ?? ???? IBM .

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????? ???? ???? ?????? , ??? ?'??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ????? . ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????. ???????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ???? 1911 ?????? ???? ? ???????????? . ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? "?????" ???? ?? ??? ???? 1912 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???, ???? ????? ?? ?-14 ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????. ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????. ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? "?????". ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2?3 ????????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ???? 4 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? 1927 ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???. ???? 1931 ????? ????? ????? ?-Line Material Company ? ?????? . ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? . ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? 1933 ????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ?????????' (???'????)

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???? 1939 ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??????? ???????? ???? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????-???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ASCC -Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator ?????? ???? ???? ???? "??????? ???? 1". ????? ???? IBM ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? 1944 . ???? 1947 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????: ??????? ???? 2. ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? 3 - ??????? ???? 4. ????-3 ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????-4 ??? ???? ????????. ???? 3 ????? 4 ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ???? 4 ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????.

???? 1947 ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ???????????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???????? ????????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ?? Howard Aiken Industries Incorporated, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????.

????? ???? ???? 73 ???? 1973 ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? , ?????? .

???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????: ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? - ???? ???????. ????? ?? ??? ????: ????'? ??, ????? ??????? ???????' (????) ????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ???? 2013. ??? ???? ???????? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? .

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1947 - ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????
1958 - ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????-??????
1964 - ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?. ???? (????? ??????? ????) ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????.
1964 - ??? ?'?? ????? ???'???
1970 - ?????? ?????? - ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? IEEE - ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????
???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ????????? ????????.

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biography/Howard-Hathaway-Aiken ?????? ????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
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