???????? ???????
????? ??????? ????????? ??
?????
,
????
?
??????
???????
????? ??????? ???????
?????? ????? ?????,
???? ?????????
. ???????? ?????? ?-
23 ??????
1895
.
????? ???-???, ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ???????
???
.
???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????
?????? ?????-???????
????? ????????, ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ?
???
???? ?????
??? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???????? ??
???????? ??????
?????? ????
??????? ????
, ????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???.
??? ?????? ?????? ?????,
????
?
??????
, ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ????? ????? ?
???? ??????-?????
??
1892
, ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????.
???? ??????? (????? ???? ???????) ????? ????
?????????
, ??? ???? ????, ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????, ???? ???? ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ?????
???'????
?????? ?? ????
???? ?????
. ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????.
?-5 ???? 1895, ????? ??????? ?????
???? ????????
??? ??? ????? ?
???? ?????????
(???? ?
??? ????? ???
????? ???? ????? ???) ?? ????? ??? ???? ???
????????
, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????.
??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ??????.
???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???????-????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????
??????????
(??: ????? ????
????
).
???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????
????? ?????????
????
1904
.
- Okamoto, Shumpei,
The Japanese Oligarchy and the Russo-Japanese War
, New York: Columbia University Press, 1970