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ARWU	52
Times World	38
QS	50

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Technische Universitat Munchen
	????? ??????????? ??? ???? 2016
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????	Die unternehmerische Universitat ; ??????????? ??????
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??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ^[1] (? ?????? : Technische Universitat Munchen ; ? ???? ????? : TUM ) ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ????? , ? ?????? ??? ????? , ? ???????? , ? ???????? , ? ???????? ( ??' ) ?? ??????? .

???? 2006 ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ????-?? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? . ^[2]

??????????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? TU9 , ????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? 18 ???? ??? ???? , 23 ???? ??? ??????? ?-24 ???? IEEE .

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

1868 - ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? . ^[3]
1877 - ????? ???? ?? ??? "??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????" (Koniglich Bayerische Technische Hochschule Munchen).
1901 - ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????.
1902 - ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????.
1930 - ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?-Weihenstephan.
1949?1954 - ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
1957 - ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????.
1958 - ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????????.
1967 - ????? ??????? ??????
1970 - ??? ?? ????? ???? ?"??????????? ?????? ?? ?????".
1993 - ????? ??????? ????????????
2000 - ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????.
2002 - ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? .
2004 - ???? Forschungsreaktor Munchen II, ??? ????? ?????? ???????.
2005 - ???? ????? ???????? ???????.
2006 - ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????.
2009 - ???? ??? ???? ??????.
2012 - ??????????? ?????? ???? ?-11 ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????.

???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1868 ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????????. ??? ???? ???????? 1877?1878 ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? "??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????". ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? (Arcisstrasse). ????? ?? ???? ??????????? 350 ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? 24 ????????? ?-21 ?????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????: ????? ????? (???????, ???? ????, ???? ????, ???? ??????); ????? ?????? (????? ????? ??????); ????? ???????????; ????? ????? ???????; ????? ????? ??????. ???? 1872 ????? ????? ???????.

???? 1901 ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? 1902 ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ??, ?????? ???? ?-20, ???? ??? ?? ??? 2,600 ?-2,800 ???????, ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? 1905 ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????. ?? ??????, ?????? ???? 1913?1914 ?? 0.6 ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????.

?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? 1918?1919 ???? ????? 1928 ?-1933 ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ???? 1930?1931 ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????.

????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? 1922 ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????????: ?????? ??????. ???? 1930 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? 1947 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????: ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? 1804 ???? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? 1895 ???? ??????????? ???? 1920.

???? 1934 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????. ???? 1940 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???????: ????? ??????, ????? ?????, ????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? .

?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???. ?? ?? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? "???? ??????". ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???? 1938 ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????.

??????????? ???? ?? ???????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ????? 1946. ???? ?? 80% ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??????. ???? 1946 ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????? .

????? ????? 1957 ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ???? 1958 ????? ??????????? ???? ??????. ? ???? ?-60 ?? ???? ?-20 ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ????????. ???? 1967 ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ?-70 ??? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ??? 1968 ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????, 168 ?????? ???????, ?-8,400 ??????? ????? ????? ??-5,700 ???? ??? ???????. ???? 1972 ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????, ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? .

??????? 1970 ???? ??? ?? ????? ?"??????????? ?????? ?? ?????". ???? 1974, ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?-11 ?????? ????? ????, ??? ????? "???????" ??? ??? ??? ??: 1. ??????? ????????????, 2. ??????, 3. ?????, ???????? ????? ?????, 4. ????? ????? ?????, 5. ????? ????? ? ????? , 6. ??????????, 7. ????? ??????, 8. ????? ???? ?????????? ????, 9. ?????? ? ???????????? , 10. ????? ???? , ????????? ???? ????? ????, 11. ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???-???????, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????.

???? 1992 ????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????????? , ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ???? 2002 ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

??? ??? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ( ??' ) (2011).

??? ???? 2023, ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????:

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??? ???? ????? ???? ( ??' ) (NAT)

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??? ???? ????? ????? ( ??' ) (LS)

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??? ???? ?????? ??????? ( ??' ) (MED)

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??? ???? ?????? ( ??' ) (MGT)

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??? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ( ??' ) (SOT)

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?? ?? ????? QS ?? ???????????? ????? ???? 2022, TUM ?????? ????? ?-50 ?????, ????? ?-19 ?????? ??????????, ????? ?-28 ????? ???? ?????? ?-29 ????? ?????.

?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???? 2022, TUM ?????? ????? 52 ?????. ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? 14 ????? ?????? ?-22 ?????? ??????????.

? ????? ???????????? ????? ?? Times Higher Education ???? 2022 TUM ????? ????? ?-38 ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?-14, ????? ?????? ????? ?-22 ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?-43.

?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?-4 ?????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? 2017. ^[7]

???? ??? ???? ??????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

18 ???? ??? ???? ????, ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????:

1927 ? ??????? ???? ?????? (??? ??? ????? 1913?1921), ?????
1929 ? ????? ??? , ?????
1930 ? ??? ???? (??? ??? ????? 1921?1945), ?????
1961 ? ?????? ??????? , ??????
1964 ? ????? ???? ???? , ????? ?? ??????????
1973 ? ????? ???? ???? , ?????
1985 ? ????? ??? ??????? , ??????
1986 ? ????? ????? , ??????
1988 ? ????? ????????? , ?????
1988 ? ????? ???? , ?????
1989 ? ??????? ??? , ??????
1991 ? ?????? ??? , ????? ?? ??????????
1992 ? ?????? ????? , ?????
2001 ? ??????? ????? , ??????
2007 ? ????? ???? , ?????
2016 ? ?? ?????? , ?????
2017 ? ?????? ???? , ?????
2022 ? ????? ???????? , ??????

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ??????????

??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????

??????????? ?????? ?? ????? , ???? ??????? ???????
??????????? ?????? ?? ????? , ???? ??????? ??? ( ?????? )
??????????? ?????? ?? ????? , ???? ??????? ????????
??????????? ?????? ?? ????? , ??????? ? ???? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ "TUM - Technische Universitat Munchen" . mytum.de . ???? ?- 18 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ EuroTech, Technische Universitat Munchen
^ "TUM - Geschichte" . ????? ?- ????? ?-2012-11-25 . ???? ?- 29 ????? 2015 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ [1]
^ Technical University of Munich - timeshighereducation.com
^ QS World University Rankings 2018
^ David Ewalt, Europe's Most Innovative Universities - 2017 . Reuters , May 3, 2017

[1] "TUM - Technische Universitat Munchen" . mytum.de . ???? ?- 18 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[2] EuroTech, Technische Universitat Munchen

[3] "TUM - Geschichte" . ????? ?- ????? ?-2012-11-25 . ???? ?- 29 ????? 2015 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[ARWU_W-4] [1]

[5] Technical University of Munich - timeshighereducation.com

[QS_W-6] QS World University Rankings 2018

[7] David Ewalt, Europe's Most Innovative Universities - 2017 . Reuters , May 3, 2017

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]