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bubonic plague
צילום מאת זיו קורן (פי 200) של חיידק Yersinia pestis בצביעה זרחנית
????? ??? ??? ???? (?? 200) ?? ????? Yersinia pestis ?????? ??????
???? ????? ???????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? ?????? ??? ????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
???? Yersinia pestis עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
??????? ??????? , prostration עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
?????
??????? ?????? ????
eMedicine article/235627  
MeSH D010930
MedlinePlus 000596
???????
ICD-10 A 20
ICD-11 1B93.0 עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

??? ??????? (? ?????? : Bubonic plague ), ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? , ??? ??? ????? ???-????? ?? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????: ??? ???????, ??? ????? ( ??' ) (????????), ??? ???? ( ??' ) (??). ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? Yersinia pestis ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????. [1] ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?- [2] 30%-90% ????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 10%. [3]

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??-?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? "???????". ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? (???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????).

????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?-5-6 ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? 12 ???. [4] ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????, ?????? Yersinia pestis ??????? ????? ????? ???????, ?? ?? ??????? ???????. ?????? ("???????") ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? , ????? ? ??? ??????, ? ????? ?????? ? ????? .

??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????
???????- ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????

??????? ??????:

??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ??????? ?? ??, ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????? ? ????? ?????? , ????? (?????? ?????? ???????? ????), ?????, ????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ????? yersinia pestis- ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????

???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? , ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ??????? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???. ?????? ??? ???? ???????, ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???. ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????, ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? (??? ??? ????) ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????.

????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ( ??' ) ??? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ????. ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? . ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ??"? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? Y. pestis ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ?? ? ?????? Y. pestis ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. [6]

??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [7] :

  • ???????: ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???.
  • ??
  • ?????.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ? ???????? ( ??' ) , ??????????? ( ??' ) (?????? ??????????? ), ? ?????????????? ????????????? . ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? 1-10% ????? ????? ?? 30-90% ?????? ??? ?????. [8] ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? 24 ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????. ??????? ????? ?????? ???? , ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????. [9] ?????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? 12 ???? ???? ?????? . [10] ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ( ???????? ???????? ) " ????? ???????????? " - ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? , ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. [11] [11] ????? ???? ????? ?? ??25 ?????? (???? ???? ?-6) ?-50 ?????? ??? (?????? ?? ??????). [12] ?????????? ????????? ???, ???? ?? "?????? ???????", ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????????. ????? 542 ????? ????? ? ????????????? , ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? , ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????, ???? ???? ?? "??? ?????????", ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ????? ???? "?????? ??????" ?? ??? ???????. ?????????, ??????? "???????? ?????", ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. [13]

???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????

???? ??????? ???????? (1340?1400) ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????, ?????? ????? ????? , ?????? ???? 1347 ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? .

??? ????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????, ????, ???? ????? ???????. [14]

????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????, ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???????????? ?????? ??? ??-????? ( ??' ) ? ??-?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???????? . ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? 1330. [15] ???? ?????? ???? 2002 ???? ?? ????? ???? ?- 1346 ????? ???, ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????-????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? . ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ???? , ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????, " ???? " ? ??? ??? ???? . [10] ????? 1346 ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????, ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????. [16] ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???, ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?-19. ??? ??? ?????????? ???????, ?? ????? ? ???? ???? , ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????. [17] ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-18. [18] ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????? , ??? ????? 1894 ????? ????? ???? 80,000 ???. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?-2400 ??? ???? ???????. [19] ?????? ?? ????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-19 ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. [20] ????? ???? ???? ????? ??'???? ???? ? ?? ???????? ??? ????? 1900 ?? 1904, [21] ?????? ?????? ?????-??? ??? ???? 1907 ?? 1909. [22] ??? ???????? ?? 1900?1904 ??? ????????, ??????? ?????? ?? "??? ?????? ?????". ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?'??? ???? 1882. ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ????? ???? 1892 ?? ??? ????, ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? 1902 ????? ???? ????? ??'???? ????, ?? ????????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???'?? ???? 1924, [23] ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????. [24] ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? , ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1959, ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?-200 ????. ???? 1994, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??-700 ????????? (????? 52 ???? ????) ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ????.

???????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ??? ??????? ??????? 1331?1351

????? ?????? ??? 2010 ?-2015 ??? 3,248 ????? ??????? ????? 584 ???? ????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? , ?????? ? ??? . [25]

???? ????? ????? ??? 2001, ????? , ???? , ?????? , ???'???? , ??? , ??? ? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?-1,100 ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????. ??? ???? 2012, ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????. [26]

??? 1900 ?-2015 ????? ? ????? ????? 1,036 ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?-9 ????? ???? ??????. ???? 2015, 16 ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? . [27] ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ????? ??????? , ????? ??????? , ? ????????? , ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. [24]

??????? 2017 ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? (?????? ?????) ??? ??? ???????. [28] [29]

????? 2018 ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?-30 ????? ????????. [30]

??? ??? ????? ???? 2019, ?????????, ????? ???. [31] ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????, ???, ????? ??????? 2019. [32]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ CDC, Ecology and transmission of plague | CDC , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‏2019-07-31 (???????)
  2. ^ CDC, Plague resources for clinicians | CDC , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‏2018-11-27 (???????)
  3. ^ Michael B. Prentice, Lila Rahalison, Plague , Lancet (London, England) 369, 2007-04-07, ??' 1196?1207 doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60566-2
  4. ^ ЭСБЕ/Бубон, воспаление ? Викитека , ru.wikisource.org
  5. ^ T. V. Inglesby, D. T. Dennis, D. A. Henderson, J. G. Bartlett, Plague as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense , JAMA 283, 2000-05-03, ??' 2281?2290 doi : 10.1001/jama.283.17.2281
  6. ^ Plague , allcountries.org (???????)
  7. ^ Plague - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic , www.mayoclinic.org
  8. ^ Susan E Dufel, MD, FACEP, CBRNE - Plague: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology , 2019-11-09
  9. ^ Signs of Plague (Bacteria yersinia infection) , web.archive.org, ‏2011-06-06
  10. ^ 1 2 Echenberg, Myron (2002).The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894?1901. Journal of World History
  11. ^ 1 2 Plague and the end of antiquity : the pandemic of 541-750 , New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007
  12. ^ Rosen, William, 1955-2016., Justinian's flea : plague, empire, and the birth of Europe , New York
  13. ^ Moorshead Magazines, Limited. "The Plague of Justinian." History Magazine 11.1 (2009): 9?12. History Reference Center
  14. ^ Cohn, Samuel K (2002). The Black Death: End of a Paradigm. American Historical Review. 703?737
  15. ^ Sean Martin, Black Death:Chapter One , Harpenden, GBR:Pocket Essentials. p. 14., 2001
  16. ^ ??? ???? ???? , ???? telem.openu.ac.il
  17. ^ Wade, Nicholas (2010-10-31). "Europe's Plagues Came From China, Study Finds" . The New York Times (??????? ????????). ISSN   0362-4331 . ???? ?- 2020-01-01 .
  18. ^ Benedict, Carol (Carol Ann), 1955-, Bubonic plague in nineteenth-century China , Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press , 1996
  19. ^ Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Hong Kong Branch, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. , Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. , 2004
  20. ^ CDC, Plague home | CDC , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‏2019-11-26 (???????)
  21. ^ Dorothy Porter, Book Review The Barbary Plague: The Black Death in Victorian San Francisco By Marilyn Chase. 276 pp., illustrated. New York, Random House, 2003. $25.95. 0-375-50496-6 , New England Journal of Medicine 349, 2003-09-11, ??' 1098?1099 doi : 10.1056/NEJM200309113491124
  22. ^ On This Day: San Francisco Bubonic Plague Outbreak Begins , web.archive.org, ‏2017-12-01
  23. ^ Mary Beth Griggs, 30,000 People In Quarantine After Bubonic Plague Kills One in China , Smithsonian Magazine (???????)
  24. ^ 1 2 CDC, Plague surveillance | CDC , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‏2019-11-25 (???????)
  25. ^ Plague , www.who.int (???????)
  26. ^ Iulia Filip, Avoiding the Black Plague Today , The Atlantic, ‏2014-04-11 (???????)
  27. ^ Human plague cases drop in U.S. , PBS NewsHour, ‏2017-01-01 (???????)
  28. ^ WHO | Plague ? Madagascar , WHO
  29. ^ ????? ???: ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? , ???? www.israelhayom.co.il
  30. ^ Child In Idaho Confirmed To Have The Bubonic Plague , IFLScience (???????)
  31. ^ Bubonic Plague Strikes In Mongolia: Why Is It Still A Threat? , NPR.org (???????)
  32. ^ Jessie Yeung CNN, Two people got the plague in China. Why is it still a thing? , CNN
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