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Joycelyn Elders
????	13 ??????? 1933 (?? 90) ; ???, ??????, ????? ?????
????	????-????????
?? ????	Minnie Lee Jones
?????? ?????	?????????? ?????? , ????' ??????? ???? , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
???????	????? ?????, ?????????? , ????? , ??????
????? ??????	Women Leaders in Medicine ( 2008 ) ; ??? ????? ( 1991 ) ; ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ;

???? ?'????? ????? (???????: M. Joycelyn Elders ; ????? ????? ?? ?'??? ?- 13 ??????? 1933 ) ??? ????? ????? ????????, ?????? ????"??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? , ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? , ???? ???? ? ????-??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? (Surgeon General of the United States).

????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? 1994 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? 1976 ????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ^[1].

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????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?'???. ????? ?'??? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? (Schaal) ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? 8 ????. ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???, ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????.

???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ????, ??? ?? ????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????.

????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?'???, ??????? ????? ???????-??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????.

???? ?????? ?? ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ?????????? . ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? 1960, ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????.

??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? , ????? ???, ?-1961 ???? ????? ???, ????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ^[1].

??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?-1967, ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?-1971, ????????? ??? ?-1976. ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?-200 ??????, ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????, ??????? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ????"??? ???? ??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?-1987 ???? ??? ??????? , ????? ?? ? ???? ?????? , ?? ????? ???? ????"??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???. ? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? 1989 ?? ?????? ???????? K-12 ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????. ???? 1987 ?? ??? 1992 ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????.

???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? (National Institutes of Health). ?????, ?-1967 ????? ?????????-?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ?-1971 ????? ????? ?????????-????, ????? 1976 ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????.

????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????????? . ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ?-1978, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?-2002.

?????? 1993 ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? (Surgeon General of the United States), ?? ???? ???? ?????????-???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (???? ??????? ????? ) ?????? ??????.

?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? 7 ??????? 1993. ????' ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????.

??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????.

?????? 1994 ????? ????' ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ^[2].

???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????' ? ????? ????? . ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????.

????' ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

?-15 ???????? 2010 ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????, ?????: "??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????: ????? ???????, ??????? ????????... ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????" ^[3]^[4]^[5].

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????????? ?? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????: "????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ????... ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????". ????? ????? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?'?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????-????????. ??? ????: "??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????". ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????-????????, ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? - ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ????????. ???? 260 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????.

????? ???? ????? ?????????-????????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ??????? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ?????????-????????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? "?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????".

??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????: "?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???, ???? ????? ????? ????? ???".

?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ????? ?? ???, ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ??????? , ????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ???? ??????. ?-15 ?????? 1993 ???? ???? ????? ???? ??, ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? , ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?-10 ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ^[6].

?????? ?? ?????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1994 ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ??"? . ??? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??? ????: "??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??."

???? ?? ????? ??????, ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???: "??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????".

?????? 1994 ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? 1994 ????? ??????: "????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????" ^[7]^[2].

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ?'????? ????? ? ??????????

?'????? ????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
?'????? ????? , ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² M. Joycelyn Elders: Visionary Videos: NVLP: African American History , www.visionaryproject.org
^ ¹ ² Duffy, Michael (1994-12-19). "Getting Out the Wrecking Ball" . Time . ISSN 0040-781X . ???? ?- 2017-05-28 .
^ Gray, Emma (2012-05-07). "Therese Shechter, Director Of Film 'How To Lose Your Virginity,' Talks Female Sexuality, 'Purity' And The Virgin-Whore Complex" . Huffington Post (??????? ????????) . ???? ?- 2017-05-28 .
^ Nagourney, Adam (2010-10-15). "U.S. Will Enforce Marijuana Laws, State Vote Aside" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . ???? ?- 2017-05-28 .
^ Anderson, Susan Heller (1991-06-26). "CHRONICLE" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . ???? ?- 2017-05-28 .
^ Kevin Elders , www.albionmonitor.com
^ Joycelyn Elders: From Sharecropper's Daughter to Surgeon General of the United States of America. - Free Online Library , www.thefreelibrary.com

[Visionary-1] ¹ ² M. Joycelyn Elders: Visionary Videos: NVLP: African American History , www.visionaryproject.org

[מיילי-2] ¹ ² Duffy, Michael (1994-12-19). "Getting Out the Wrecking Ball" . Time . ISSN 0040-781X . ???? ?- 2017-05-28 .

[3] Gray, Emma (2012-05-07). "Therese Shechter, Director Of Film 'How To Lose Your Virginity,' Talks Female Sexuality, 'Purity' And The Virgin-Whore Complex" . Huffington Post (??????? ????????) . ???? ?- 2017-05-28 .

[4] Nagourney, Adam (2010-10-15). "U.S. Will Enforce Marijuana Laws, State Vote Aside" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . ???? ?- 2017-05-28 .

[5] Anderson, Susan Heller (1991-06-26). "CHRONICLE" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . ???? ?- 2017-05-28 .

[6] Kevin Elders , www.albionmonitor.com

[7] Joycelyn Elders: From Sharecropper's Daughter to Surgeon General of the United States of America. - Free Online Library , www.thefreelibrary.com

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