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???? 18 ?????? 1947
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????? 4 ???? 2023 (???? 75)
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????? ????? ????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ( 1969 ) עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
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????? ?????? 100 ???? (BBC) ( 2022 ) עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
judithheumann .com
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

?'????' ("?'???") ??? ????? (? ?????? : Judith Ellen "Judy" Heumann ;‏ 18 ?????? 1947 ? 4 ???? 2023 ) ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????, ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??????, ??????? ?? ????????, ???"??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? , ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??? ???? ? ???? ?-30 . [1] ???? 18 ?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. [1] [2] ????? ???, ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????, ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??'??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? 1961 ?'??? ????? ??????.

??? ??????? 9?18 ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? "???? ?'??", ?????? ?????, ??? ????, [1] ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????. [3] [4] [5] ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????: "????? ??? ???? ???? ????, ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???". [6]

??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? 1970 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????. [1] [7] ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? "??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????" ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. [1] ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? [8] [9] ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????. [10]

????? ??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

A photograph of Judy Heumann in her power chair next to Barbara Ransom. They are holding hands and smiling, standing in front of a sponsor banner.
?'??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????, ?????????? ?'??? '?????????, 25 ????? 2019

????? "Disabled in Action" (???? ??????) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? , ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????. ???? 1970 ????? ?? ?????? "Disabled in Action" (???? ??????) ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? . [11] [12] ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? 504 ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???????? 1972 ???? ????? ???'?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? 1973. ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 1973 ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????. [13]

????? ????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?????? , ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? . ??? ????? 1975?1982 ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? . [3]

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ???????, ?????? ???? ?-8 ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????.

??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???"? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? 1974, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????.

????? Sit-in ‏504 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 504 ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 1973 ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????, ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?-5 ?????? 1977, ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? 504. 150 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? 28 ???? ?????? ????? ??? "sit-in‏ 504" ( ??' ) ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ?-4 ???? 1977 ????? ?'??? ???????, ?? ???????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? 504. [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

????? ?????? ???????? (WID) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1983 ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??'??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1993. [21] ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????. WID ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????. [21]

???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? 1993?2001. [22]

??? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? 2002?2006 ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????. [23] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 2010 ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? . [24] ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 2010 ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????. [1] ?-20 ?????? 2017 ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? 2017. [25]

??? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? 2017 ?? ????? 2019, ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? , ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ?? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. [26]

????? ?-4 ???? 2023.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? 1969 ? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ????????, ???? 1975. ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????:

  1. ?????????? ???? ??????, 1994
  2. ?????????? ?????, ????? , 2004
  3. ?????????? ??????? ???????-?????? , 2001
  4. ??????? ????' , ??? ????, 2018 [27]
  5. ??????? ????' , ?????? , 2019
  6. ?????????? ????, ??? ?'??? , 2019

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ?'????' ????? ? ??????????

??????? ????? ?'????' ????? ? ?????????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Taylor, David A. ( 25 ???? 2021 ). "She's considered the mother of disability rights ? and she's a 'badass' " . The Washington Post . ????? ?- ????? ?- 25 ???? 2021 . ???? ?- 26 ???? 2021 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  2. ^ "ABILITY Magazine - Judy Heumann" . ABILITY Magazine (??????? ????????). 2020-08-08. ????? ?- ????? ?-2021-04-06 . ???? ?- 2020-10-13 .
  3. ^ 1 2 Leiderman, Deborah ( 25 ???? 2020 ). "The Activist Star of 'Crip Camp' Looks Back at a Life on the Barricades" . ???? ???? ????? . ????? ?- ????? ?- 25 ???? 2020 . ???? ?- 25 ???? 2020 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  4. ^ Patterson, Linda ( 1 ?????? 2012 ). "Points of Access: Rehabilitation Centers, Summer Camps, and Student Life in the Making of Disability Activism, 1960-1973". Journal of Social History . 2 (46): 473?499. doi : 10.1093/jsh/shs099 . {{ cite journal }} : ( ???? )
  5. ^ Patterson, Linda ( ???? 2011 ). Accessing the Academy: The Disabled Student Movement, 1950-1973 . {{ cite book }} : ( ???? )
  6. ^ Shapiro, Joseph (1994). No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging New Civil Rights Movement . Three Rivers Press. p. 20.
  7. ^ "HEUMANN v. BOARD OF EDUCA | 320 F.Supp. 623 (1970) | supp6231818 | Leagle.com" . Leagle . ????? ?- ????? ?-2019-06-27 . ???? ?- 2019-06-27 .
  8. ^ "Archived copy" . ????? ?- ????? ?-2007-08-08 . ???? ?- 2009-04-29 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  9. ^ "Disability Social History Project" . www.disabilityhistory.org . ????? ?- ????? ?- 27 ??????? 2018 . ???? ?- 21 ??????? 2018 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  10. ^ "Judith Heumann - DRILM - University of California, Berkeley" . bancroft.berkeley.edu . ????? ?- ????? ?- 15 ??????? 2004 . ???? ?- 21 ??????? 2018 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  11. ^ "Judith Heumann" . www.ilusa.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 4 ?????? 2016 . ???? ?- 21 ??????? 2018 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  12. ^ "Disabled In Action: Photos (Judy Heumann)" . www.disabledinaction.org . ????? ?- ????? ?- 5 ???? 2016 . ???? ?- 21 ??????? 2018 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  13. ^ 1 2 "Disability History Timeline" . Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management . Temple University. 2002. ????? ?- ????? ?- 20 ?????? 2013 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  14. ^ Lu, Wendy (2021-03-26). "Overlooked No More: Kitty Cone, Trailblazer of the Disability Rights Movement" . The New York Times (??????? ????????). ????? ?- ????? ?-2021-03-26 . ???? ?- 2021-03-27 .
  15. ^ Shapiro, Joseph (1994). No Pity: People with Diabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement . New York: Three Rivers Press. pp. 69?70.
  16. ^ "The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 25 ?????? 2011 . ???? ?- 6 ???????? 2014 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  17. ^ "Disability Social History Project, article title Famous (and not-so-famous) People with Disabilities" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 9 ???????? 2014 . ???? ?- 6 ???????? 2014 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  18. ^ "EDGE - Curriculum - Biology" . disabilityhistory.org . ????? ?- ????? ?-2015-01-23 . ???? ?- 2015-02-04 .
  19. ^ "Political Organizer for Disability Rights, 1970s-1990s, and Strategist for Section 504 Demonstrations, 1977" . cdlib.org . ????? ?- ????? ?-2015-01-28 . ???? ?- 2015-02-04 .
  20. ^ "Kitty Cone, Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American History Online; Facts on File information obtained from Encyclopedia of American Disability History " . Encyclopedia of American Disability History . ????? ?- ????? ?-2015-01-28 . ???? ?- 2015-02-04 .
  21. ^ 1 2 World Institute on Disability , World Institute on Disability (??????? ????????)
  22. ^ Heumann, Judith E. , U.S. Department of State
  23. ^ "World Bank Appoints Judy Heumann to New Disability Adviser Post" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 20 ???????? 2010 . ???? ?- 21 ??????? 2018 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  24. ^ "Judith E. Heumann-Director, DC Department on Disability Services Biography" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 13 ??????? 2010 . ???? ?- 21 ??????? 2018 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  25. ^ "Call to Action ? Office of International Disability Rights" . United States International Council on Disabilities . United States International Council on Disabilities. ????? ?- ????? ?- 16 ?????? 2021 . ???? ?- 14 ???? 2021 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  26. ^ Road Map for Inclusion: Changing the Face of Disability in Media , Ford Foundation (???????)
  27. ^ "Brooklyn College to Award Judy Heumann Honorary Doctorate at Its 2018 Commencement Ceremony" . CUNY Newswire (???????). ????? ?- ????? ?-2019-06-26 . ???? ?- 2019-06-26 .
  28. ^ The Power of 504 (full version, open caption, English and Spanish) , ???? ?- 2021-10-24
  29. ^ "TED talk: Our fight for disability rights - and we're not done yet" . 12 ????? 2019 . ????? ?- ????? ?- 16 ??????? 2020 . ???? ?- 16 ??????? 2020 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  30. ^ Judy Heumann Fights for People with Disabilities - Drunk History | Comedy Central US (???????), 2018-02-21 , ???? ?- 2021-10-24
  31. ^ Eric Kohn (2020-01-23). " 'Crip Camp' Review: A Stirring Look at the Roots of the Disability Rights Movement in a Hippy Summer Camp ? IndieWire" . Indiewire.com. ????? ?- ????? ?-2020-02-16 . ???? ?- 2020-02-16 .
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