한국   대만   중국   일본 
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??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? .
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?? ????? ??? ?? . ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ???? , ?? ? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????.
??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? .
???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? . ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????.

???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? , ??????? ?? ??? ???-??????? ????, ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ( ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ) ???????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ???-??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? .

???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ????? ???-??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????. [1]

??? ??? ????-?????? ???? , ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???. ??? ??? ???? ?'??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??????? , ???? ?????? ?????? " ??? " ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. [2] ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ? -20.

?????? ???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?? ??? ?????? , "Darstellung des Hexensabbats" ?????????, ???? 1570.

?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????; ?????-??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????. [3] ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? "???? ?????? ?????? ... ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ... ???????, ???, ?????? ???????." [4]

????? ????????? ????-????? ???????, ????? ???? ????, ????? ??????? ??? "???? ??????" (??') ??? ?'???? ?'???' ?????? (1890) ?"??? ??????? ????? ??????" (??') (1921) ??? ????? ???? . ?????? ??? ?? ?????? (?????? ????? ????) ??????? (?????? ????? ?????) ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? 1661 ??????, ???????, ?? ?????? ????' ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????, ????? ????????? ???????, ??????, ?????? ???????. [5] ???? "???? ?????" (??') (1948) ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????, ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????. [6]

????' ???????, ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? (2006).

???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? (??') ?????? ?'??? ????? , ? ???? ??????, ??????? ????????? (??') ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????. ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????. ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???. ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????, [7] ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?"??? ???, ??? ??????, ??? ?????? (???????) ???? ??????." ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????, ??????, ?????? ?????'?? (???????). [2] ????? ???? ? -60 ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????. [8]

????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? (???'?) ????? ??????? (?????? ??????) ?? ????? ???? 1974, ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???. (??') [9] ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????; ????? " ????? ????" ???? 1978 ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ("????? ????? ????") ??? ????????. [10] ??????? ???? ?? ????? "?????? ???????", ?? ??????? ???, ????? ????????, ??? ???, ????? ????????; ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????: ???????, ??????, ?????? ???????. [11]

??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????-?????? ???????, ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????-?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????-?????.

??????? ??????????? ???-???????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????. ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? , ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????. [1] [12] [13]

???? ????????? "???????" ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????, ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ???? ??????? ???- ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????-?????? (??') ??????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ?????????, ?????????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ????, ?????? ???????? ????? ?????- ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? . ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???-??????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ????? ????????. [12] [13]

???? - ??? ???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ???? (Yule) ?? ?????? ??????? ???-????????? ? ???? ????? (??') , [14] ???? ?20 ?? 23 ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? . ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????' ????????' , ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??. [15] ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. [16] [17]

??????? ??????? ?? ???????: ????? ??????? , ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????-?? (??? ??? , ????? , ????? , ????? ????? ) ????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??. [16] [18] [19]

??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. [17]

??????? (??????) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???-?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? . ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?????, ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????, [20] ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????. [21] [22]

???? ??????? ?????? , ??????? ????? ???? ?????? , ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? (??') . [22]

?????? - ??? ?????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?'????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?ostre. ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????.

??? ???, ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? (????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????), ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. [23] ??????? ?? ?19 ?? 22 ????.

?????? (??? ???) - ????? ???'??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????, ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? . ?????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? , ??? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???????'????? ?? ?????? ?????? . [24]

??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???, ????? ???-???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ?????, ??????? ???????. [25]

???'? - ??? ???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????, ?????? ???'?, ???? ??? ?19 ?-23 ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???. ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? , ?????? ???? , ????? ?? ??????.

????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? . ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??. ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????, ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????'. [26]

?????? (?????) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? (?? ????) ???????. ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? (??') ???? ???????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????. ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? [3] [27] ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??. ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? . ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? . [28]

??? ????? (????? ?? ?????? loaf mass= ??? ???? ??? ) ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????, ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????. [27] [29]

????? - ??? ??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? , ????? , ??, ??? ?????? ????-????????, ???? ????, ???? ??? ?21 ?-24 ???????. ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ????? (Mabon) ??? ????? ??? ??????? 1970 ????????? ?- Mabon ap Modron (??') , ???? ??????????? ???????. [30]

?????? (???????) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???-?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????

?????? (????? ??-?????), ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????. ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ?????, ????? ??????, ??????, ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? . ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? , ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. [31]

?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????, ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???. [13]

???????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????-??????? , ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ?????? [32] (????: ???? ????????? ???????; ????: ???? ??????????? ?????????; ????: ???? ?????? ??????).

??? ??????? ???????? ?"??? ???? ????? (??') " ?? ???? ?????? (??') :

  • ??? ?? ???? , ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? - 14 ??????? [32]
  • ?? ???????? , ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? - 11 ???????
  • ??? ?? ????? , ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????, ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? - 11 ??????? [33]
  • ??? ??????? , ????? ?? ????? ??????? , ?? ??????? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ???? - 22 ??????
  • Winterfinding, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? (???? ???????) [34]
  • Summerfinding , ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? (???? ?????)

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????, ????? ?? ????????? ?????, ????? ????????? ???? ??????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????.

??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ???-??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????.

??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. [13] [35] [36] [37]

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????, ???? , ????? ?????, ???' ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????, ???, ?????, ?????, ?????, ???????? ????. ????? ?? ???? - ?????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ??? , ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????. [38] [39]

??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. [38] [40] [41]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ????-??????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? , [42] ??? ?? ? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????. ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???-??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? '??????? ???' ?? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????. [43] [44]

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? - ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????.

?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ???????, ????, ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????.

????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???, ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???, ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ?????, ????, ?????? ??? ???. ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. [45] [46] [47] ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???. ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???, ????, ???, ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????.

????? ????? ( ????? ???? ????? ) ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? - ?'????, ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????, ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ?????, ?'???? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???. ???? ?????? ?????, ?'???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? , ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ????, ?????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ???????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ???, ???? ????? ?'???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ????, ?? ?????? ??????, ????? - ??? ???? ???? - ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???. ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????. [48] [49]

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? , ???????.

??? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? - ?????, ??? ??????. ??? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ??, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ???, ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? - ??? ???? ????? (????? ?????? ??? ???) ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ???????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. [13] [50] [51]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? , ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ???????? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ???, ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ???????: ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ???, ??? ????? ?? ????? , ???? ????? ????, ?? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ???????, ?? ???? ???, ???? , ?? ???? ????: ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ? ?????? - ??????? ????? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????.

????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???: ??? ??? ?? ???? , ???? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? . ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? (??? ??? ??? ???? ????????) ??? ??? ????. ????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ???????? ?????? ?? ????, ??? ???? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????.

???, ?? ?? ??????, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???, ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?? ??? , ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????. [52]

?????????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????.??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?"??? ???????" ???? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ??: ?????, ???????, ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????.

???? ??? ????? ?? ???, ????? ?? ??? (???) ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????. ??? ????? ?? ???, ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? (='?? ?? ?? ???'). ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????, "??? ??? ??????", ????? ??? ?? ???, ????? ??? ????? ??, ????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ???, ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????.

???? ??, ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ???, ???? ??? ??, ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????. ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ??????, ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ??? ??????.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ 1 2 Harvey, Graham (1994). "The Roots of Pagan Ecology". Journal of Contemporary Religion . 9 (3): 38?41. doi : 10.1080/13537909408580720 .
  2. ^ 1 2 Gardner, Gerald (1954). Witchcraft Today . p. 147.
  3. ^ 1 2 Hutton, Ronald ( 8 ?????? 1993 ), The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles , Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 337?341, ISBN   0-631-18946-7 {{ citation }} : ( ???? )
  4. ^ Murray, Margaret. 1931. The God of the Witches .
  5. ^ Kinloch, George Ritchie. Reliquiae Antiquae Scoticae . Edinburgh, 1848.
  6. ^ Robert Graves, The White Goddess , New York: Creative Age Press, 1948. Published in London by Faber & Faber.
  7. ^ Lamond, Frederic (2004), Fifty Years of Wicca , Sutton Mallet, England: Green Magic, pp. 16?17, ISBN   0-9547230-1-5
  8. ^ Glass, Justine (1965). Witchcraft, the Sixth Sense?and Us . London: Neville Spearman. p. 98.
  9. ^ Kelly, Aidan. About Naming Ostara, Litha, and Mabon . Including Paganism. Patheos . Accessed 8 May 2019.
  10. ^ Beckett, John. Enough With the Mabon Hate! Under the Ancient Oaks. Patheos . 11 Sep 2018.
  11. ^ Valiente, Doreen. 1978. Witchcraft For Tomorrow . London: Robert Hale Limited.
  12. ^ 1 2 Zell-Ravenheart, Oberon ; Zell-Ravenheart, Morning Glory (2006). "Book III: Wheel of the Year". In Kirsten Dalley and Artemisia (ed.). Creating Circles & Ceremonies: Rituals for All Seasons And Reasons . Book-Mart Press. p.  192 . ISBN   1-56414-864-5 .
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