?? ?'?? ????

?? ?'?? ????
Goh Chok Tong
?作?
????	20 ???? 1941 (?? 83) ; ?????? ?????? , ???????
?????	???????
?????	??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ; ??????? ????' ; Raffles Institution ;
?????	?????????
?????	????? ?????? ??????
?? ?? ?? ???	??? ?'? ????
	1990 ? 2004 ; (??14 ????)
	→ ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ←
????? ??????
	??? ?'?????? ???? ????? ????????? ( 2003 ) ; ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ( 1 ??????? 2005 ) ; ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ;
?????

??? ?? ????; ?? ?????? ??? ?? .

?? ?'?? ???? (? ????? : ?作? ; ???? ?- 20 ???? 1941 ) ??? ????????? ???????? , ????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ?- 1990 ?- 2004 . ^[1]^[2]

???? ? ????? ?????? ?????? (PAP) ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?- 1 ??????? 1992 ?? ?- 3 ?????? 2004. ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ( ??' ) (MAS) ?-2004 ?? 2011 . ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? "?? ???? ??????", ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? 2020. ^[1]^[3]

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?'?? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ?- 20 ???? 1941 . ?? ??? ?-"Raffles Institution " ( ??' ) ?- 1955 ?- 1960 . ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ? ??????? ????' ?- 1967 . ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????. ^[2]^[1] ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????'. ?- 2015 ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????. ^[4]

?- 1969 ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? (????? ?????? ? ?????? ) ???? ????? ??????? ( ??' ) (NOL) ????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? 1973 ???? ? ???"? ?????. ^[1]

?????? ??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

? ?????? ??????? ?? 1976 , ??, ?? ?? 35, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (PAP). ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????. ?- 1981 ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????: ?? ??????? ??? ?????. ^[1]

?- 1985 ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? . ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? , ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????. ^[5]

??? ?????? (1990?2004) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 28 ??????? 1990 ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??, ????? ?????? "?? ???? ?????". ? ?????? ??????? ?? 1991 , ????? ????????? ?????? ???, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? 61% ???? ????? ???????. ?- 1992 ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???.

???? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??. ?????? ???? "?????????? ?? ??? ????". ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????-?????????. ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????:

????? ??????? ????? (1997)
????? ?????????, ???? ?- 2001 ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?'???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? , ??????? , ???????? ? ????? ????????. ^[6]
???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ( ??' )
??????? ???? ????? ( 2003 )
?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? , ????? ?????? , 2003

?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?- 1991 , 1997 ?-2001 ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? (61%, 65% ?-75% ??????). ???? ?????? 2001 ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ^[5]

????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ? ???? 2003, ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? (????? ???????? ??????) . ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???. ^[7] ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? , ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???'? . ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? . ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? 24 ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? " ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????". ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ^[8]

?? ???? (2004?2011) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 12 ??????? 2004 , ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ???? . ?- 20 ??????? 2004 ?? ???? ???"? ????? ????????? ?? ???????. ^[1] ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????, ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? , ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?'???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????. ^[9] ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???. ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? , ? ??? ?? ????? . ^[10]^[11]

?- 1 ??????? 2005 ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ?? ???????? , ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? : "??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????-??????? ". ^[12]

?- 19 ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?-1971. ^[13] ?- 2006 ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???"? , ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ?????? ??????. ^[14]

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? 2011 ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ?? ?? ????-?? ???????.

???? 2011 ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? "?? ???? ??????". ????? 2011 ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? . ^[15]

?-25 ????? 2020 ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? 44 ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ???? ??????. ^[3]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ???? ? ??? ?'? ???? ( ??' ) ???? ??? ??????, ?? ???. ??? ?? ?'?? ??? ??????? .

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ?? ?'?? ???? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ The Cabinet - Mr GOH Chok Tong , web.archive.org, ‏2005-12-22
^ ¹ ² Goh Chok Tong Facts , biography.yourdictionary.com
^ ¹ ² hermesauto, Singapore GE2020: Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong to retire from politics after 44 years as MP , The Straits Times, ‏2020-06-25 (???????)
^ hermesauto, NUS confers honorary degrees on ESM Goh, Prof Saw and Sir Richard Sykes , The Straits Times, ‏2015-07-06 (???????)
^ ¹ ² Mauzy, Diane K., 1942-, Singapore politics under the People's Action Party , London: Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0-203-47180-6
^ 12 Jan 2002--Major Terrorist Plot in Singapore Discovered; al-Qaeda is Well Established in the Asian Region , web.archive.org, ‏2007-11-04
^ Singapore letting gays halfway out of the closet , The Sydney Morning Herald, ‏2003-07-05 (???????)
^ News1 | ??? ????? ???????: ???? ???'?, ????? ???'? ???? , ???? www.news1.co.il
^ Singapore PM visits Iran , Al Bawaba (???????)
^ VISIT BY SENIOR MINISTER GOH CHOK TONG TO DOHA, QATAR AND … , www.nas.gov.sg
^ VISIT OF SENIOR MINISTER GOH CHOK TONG TO THE UNITED ARAB … , www.nas.gov.sg
^ Transcript 21592 | PM Transcripts , pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au
^ ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? , ???? capiTax
^ Candidates for the next United Nations Secretary General , web.archive.org, ‏2007-12-11
^ "Order of the Rising Sun" . Military Wiki (???????) . ???? ?- 2020-04-10 .

[:0-1] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ The Cabinet - Mr GOH Chok Tong , web.archive.org, ‏2005-12-22

[:1-2] ¹ ² Goh Chok Tong Facts , biography.yourdictionary.com

[:3-3] ¹ ² hermesauto, Singapore GE2020: Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong to retire from politics after 44 years as MP , The Straits Times, ‏2020-06-25 (???????)

[4] rmesauto, NUS confers honorary degrees on ESM Goh, Prof Saw and Sir Richard Sykes , The Straits Times, ‏2015-07-06 (???????)

[:2-5] ¹ ² Mauzy, Diane K., 1942-, Singapore politics under the People's Action Party , London: Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0-203-47180-6

[6] 12 Jan 2002--Major Terrorist Plot in Singapore Discovered; al-Qaeda is Well Established in the Asian Region , web.archive.org, ‏2007-11-04

[7] Singapore letting gays halfway out of the closet , The Sydney Morning Herald, ‏2003-07-05 (???????)

[8] News1 | ??? ????? ???????: ???? ???'?, ????? ???'? ???? , ???? www.news1.co.il

[9] Singapore PM visits Iran , Al Bawaba (???????)

[10] VISIT BY SENIOR MINISTER GOH CHOK TONG TO DOHA, QATAR AND … , www.nas.gov.sg

[11] VISIT OF SENIOR MINISTER GOH CHOK TONG TO THE UNITED ARAB … , www.nas.gov.sg

[12] Transcript 21592 | PM Transcripts , pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au

[13] ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? , ???? capiTax

[14] Candidates for the next United Nations Secretary General , web.archive.org, ‏2007-12-11

[15] "Order of the Rising Sun" . Military Wiki (???????) . ???? ?- 2020-04-10 .

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