???? ??????

????	1 ??????? 1901 ??????? , ???????? ????'?????
?????	20 ??????? 1977 (???? 75) ?? ????-??? , ?????
?????	????? ?????
????? ?????	1914
???? ?????	??? ?????? ?????
?????	??? ???? ???????? ???????
?????	?????? ???????? ????????
????	??"? , ?????? ???????? ????????
??? ????? 4 ??????? 1961 ? 17 ??????? 1969 (8 ????) ????? 5 - 6

???? ?????? ( 1 ??????? 1901 - 20 ??????? 1977 ) ??? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ??????? , ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? .

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???? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???, ??? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? . ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????, ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? "??? ???????????" ???? ????? ????? ?? ? ??????? ??????. ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????, ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? "?????? ??????" ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???? ?? "?????" - ?????? ????? ?????? ????.

???? 1914 ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ???? 1917, ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ????????, ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? , ????? ??? 1933 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ^[1] . ????? ????? 1934 ??? ????? ? ????? ??? .

?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???"? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????? ??????? "????? ?????" (????? ?????? ????? ???? ) ????????, ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? 1930 - 1931 ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????, ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????.

?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? "????? ??????" ????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? . ??????? ????? ??????? ???? 1959 ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ????? "??? ????" ^[2] , ?? ???? ????? ^[3] . ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??????? ???? 1961, ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??"? . ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ^[4] . ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??"? ????? ????? ????? ?? 1969, ?? ??? ????? ??? ^[5] . ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ????????? .

????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? , ??? , ????? ????? , "????" ?"?????", ????????? ???????? " ??? ?????? " ?"?? ??????????? ?'?????".

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??????? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? . ??? ??????? ?????? ?????.

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• ??? ??? ???? , " ???? ?? ??? ?????? ", ????? ????? ???? ????? ?"?, ???????, ???"?, ??' 501?502, ???? ?????????
• ?? ???? ?????? , ??? , 21 ??????? 1977

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