?????? ???????????

???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
פירוש נוסף ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????????, ??? ??? ??? .

?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? . ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????????, ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ?-19 ??????? ???? ?-21 ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?-18 ? ????? ??????? . ?- 1775 ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

?????? ?? ?????? ?????????????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?-21, ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?-19 ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????.

???? ???? ?????-????? ???? ?- 1850 ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????:

  1. ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????.
  2. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????.
  3. ?????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.
  4. ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????.
  5. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????.

??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????-????? ??? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????, ?????? ? ?????? . ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????.

?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?- 1849 ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????. ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?-19 ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?-20 ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? .

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????. ????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? , ???????? , ??????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??? . ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????. ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???????????: [1]

  1. ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?? ????????.
  2. ???? ???? ?????? ????????.
  3. ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????.
  4. ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????.
  5. ????? ?????? ??????? ? ? ?????? , ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? 25% - 45% ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ? ????? ????? ?????????.
  6. ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????.

?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????, ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ????????=?????=?????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????.

??????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? . ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????. ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ????? ????????, ???? ????? , ???? ???? ???'.

????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????, ????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ???????.

?????? ????????? ? ?????????? , ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ??????, ? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????. ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???.

?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????, ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????.

???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? "????? ?????? ?????? ???????" - "WOCCU" . ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ???? ????????.

?????? ????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? 2010, ?? ????? 52,945 ?????? ????? ?-100 ?????, ??????? 187,986,967 ?????? ??????? 7% ????? ??????? ?????. ?? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? 1.23 ??????? ????. [2]

?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????-? ???? ? ????? ????? , ??????? ?? 43% ????? ???????. ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 70% ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ?-3.5% ???? ?????. ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?-2.6% ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 15.7%.

?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? , ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???. ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ? ???? . ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?-21 ?-10 ?????? ????? ??????? ?????, ??-40 ??????? ???? ???????. ? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? 2011 , ????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????, ?????? ???????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ?-21 ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ???????? ??????.

???? ?-21 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?-21 ???? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?-21 ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? 2011 24 ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????? 850 ??? ?????? ??????? 215 ?????? ?????? ?????? 55 ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? 7 ??????? ????. [3] ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?-2011 51 ??? ?????? ????? ?-100 ?????? ???? 196 ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? 1.5 ??????? ????. [4]

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 2008?2010 ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????. [5]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?-20 ?? ????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? " ?????? ??????? ". ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? 1932 ??? ?????????? ????? ??? " ??? ?????? " ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? , ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? " ??? ????? ???? ????? ", "??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????" ????. ????? ????? ???? ?-20 ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?"????? ???????". [6] ???? 1937 ??? ???? ????? 113 ?????? ????? ?? 87 ??? ????? ????? 1956 99 ?????? ?? 370 ??? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? 1967 ??? ?? 17 ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? 83 ?????? ??????? ?-8.4% ???? ???????? ???"? ?? ??????.

????? ???? ?-70 ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????????. ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? 2005 . ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? 5,600 ????? 2,000 ?????? ? ???? ?? 88 ?????? ?"?. [7]

???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?-21 , ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? "?????? ??????" ?? ????? ????? ???? .

????? 2012 ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????????. [8]

????? 2012 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? , ??? ????? ????, ???? ?????, ???? ???? ????-??? ??? ?? ???? - ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??"? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????.

???? 2013 ????? ???? ??????????? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????, [9] ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???.

????? 2014 ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? "?????? ???????" ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ????? 2016 ?????? ???? ????? , ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? (EACB)
  2. ^ financial statistics for credit unions and financial cooperatives
  3. ^ ?? ?? ????? ???"? ???????? ????? ?? ?-EACB
  4. ^ ?? ?? ???"? ???????? ????? ?? ?-WOCCU
  5. ^ In Pictures: Banks vs. Credit Unions in the Financial Crisis , ???? ?? ??? ????, ???? The Motley Fool,‏ 22 ??????? 2011
  6. ^ ?????? "???? ??????" ???? 2008
  7. ^ ??? ??????????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? , ???? TheMarker ‏, 14 ?????? 2004
  8. ^ ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????
  9. ^ ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????
????? ???? " https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??????_???????????&oldid=38735135 "