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Harvard Medical School
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????? ???????	1782????? (??242 ????)
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	hms .harvard .edu
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??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? (? ?????? : Harvard Medical School , ?? ?????? HMS ) ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? , ???'???? , ????? ????? . ??? ???? ???? ???? 1782 , ???? HMS ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ^[1] ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????, HMS ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???-???? ????? , ??? ?????? ????? ???'???? , ??????? ??? ????'? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? .

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??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?- 19 ??????? 1782 , ?????? ???? ??????? ?'??? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?'?? ????, ????? ????? ????'??? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? .

??????, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[1]^[2] ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? 1788 . ^[1]

???? ????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ^[3] ???? 1810 , ??? ???? ??? ? ?????? . ???? 1816 , ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???'???? ?? ?????????? ???????. ???? 1847 , ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???'???? . ???? 1883 , ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ^[4] ????? ?????? ?'???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? HMS ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????. ^[2]

???? 1906 , ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ^[5]^[6]

????? 1847 ? 1850 ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????. ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????. ???? 1943 ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?-HMS ????? ?????????. ^[7] ?- 1945 ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????. ?? 1972 , ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????. ^[7]

???? 1850 , ????? ????? ????-???????? , ????? ??????, ????? ????? ?'????? ?????? ?. ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?????. ?- 1968 , ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????. ?? 1973 , ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????, ??? ?- 1974 ??? ??? ?? ?????. ^[7] ???? 2011 , HMS ???? ?? ???????? ?????-??????? ?????? ???, ???? ?. ????. ^[8] ???? 2019 ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ^[9]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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^ ¹ ² ³ "The History of HMS" . hms.harvard.edu . ?????? ?- 2 ??????? 2017 . ???? ?- 3 ??????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ ¹ ² Morison, Samuel Eliot (1930). The Development of Harvard University since the inauguration of President Eliot, 1869?1929 . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 555?594 & Preface.
^ "History of Harvard Medicine" . medstudenthandbook.hms.harvard.edu . ?????? ?- 4 ??????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ??????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "The History of HMS ? Harvard Medical School" . hms.harvard.edu . ?????? ?- 2 ??????? 2017 . ???? ?- 3 ??????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "Harvard Medical School ? History" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 5 ???? 2007 . ???? ?- 25 ??????? 2007 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "Countway Medical Library ? Records Management ? Historical Notes" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ??????? 2006 . ???? ?- 25 ??????? 2007 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ ¹ ² ³ Beecher, Henry Knowles (1977). Medicine at Harvard : the first three hundred years . Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England. pp. 460?481.
^ Soucheray, Stephanie. "A friendship endures from Yale to Harvard" . Yale School of Medicine . ?????? ?- 29 ?????? 2022 . ???? ?- 2020-06-01 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Nolen, LaShyra "Lash" ( 11 ???? 2020 ). "Being a 'First' Is My Great Honor. But It's Not Enough" . Teen Vogue . ?????? ?- 11 ????? 2020 . ???? ?- 2020-06-11 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[:1-1] ¹ ² ³ "The History of HMS" . hms.harvard.edu . ?????? ?- 2 ??????? 2017 . ???? ?- 3 ??????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[:2-2] ¹ ² Morison, Samuel Eliot (1930). The Development of Harvard University since the inauguration of President Eliot, 1869?1929 . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 555?594 & Preface.

[3] "History of Harvard Medicine" . medstudenthandbook.hms.harvard.edu . ?????? ?- 4 ??????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ??????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[4] "The History of HMS ? Harvard Medical School" . hms.harvard.edu . ?????? ?- 2 ??????? 2017 . ???? ?- 3 ??????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[5] "Harvard Medical School ? History" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 5 ???? 2007 . ???? ?- 25 ??????? 2007 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[6] "Countway Medical Library ? Records Management ? Historical Notes" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ??????? 2006 . ???? ?- 25 ??????? 2007 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[beecher-7] ¹ ² ³ Beecher, Henry Knowles (1977). Medicine at Harvard : the first three hundred years . Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England. pp. 460?481.

[:0-8] Soucheray, Stephanie. "A friendship endures from Yale to Harvard" . Yale School of Medicine . ?????? ?- 29 ?????? 2022 . ???? ?- 2020-06-01 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[9] Nolen, LaShyra "Lash" ( 11 ???? 2020 ). "Being a 'First' Is My Great Honor. But It's Not Enough" . Teen Vogue . ?????? ?- 11 ????? 2020 . ???? ?- 2020-06-11 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

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