?????? ( ???? )
?echy

??? ?????? ??? ??????
???? ???????? ( Karl?tejn )
?????	?'??? ?'???
???? ? ????	????
??? ?????	?'???
???	52,065 ??"?
? ?????? ??????	???'??
?????????	‏
? ? ????	6,500,000
???????????	50°N 15°E  /  50°N 15°E  / 50; 15
???? ???	UTC +2
??? ????? ??? ?????? (???? ?'??? ??????)   ???? ?'??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (???? ?'??? ?????)   ???? ?'??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? tabBackground:;tabBorder:#aaa;defaultTab:0;

?????? (? ?'??? : ?echy ; ? ?????? : Bohmen ; ? ?????? : Bohemia ; ? ?? ??????? : ???? ?? ??????? ) ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??'??? ????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??'???. ???? 52,065 ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??2005 ??? 6.25 ?????? ???, ??? ?-60 ???? ???? ????? ??????.

?????? ????? ???? ?-10 ?????? . ???? ?'???, ???? , ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? , ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ?'??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???, ?? ? ????? ????? ?????? , ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??'??.

?????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??'???.

?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? , ??? ????? ( ??' ) ( Boii ), ????? ????? ?????? , ??? ???? ???????, ??? ?? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????, ??????? , ??????? ???????.

???? ?-300 ???? (???? ??????? ??????), ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ( Boiohaemum ). ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? "???" ???? ???????? ( haimaz ).

?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????, " ????? ", ????? ?? "??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????". ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????. ? ??? ?-15 ???? ??? ??????, ????????? , ?? ?? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? . ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????, ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ??400 ????, ? ??? ?-19 , ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? "??????"; ????? " ????? " ???? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ????: ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????, ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?????? . ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????.

????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ? ?????? (Suebi), ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? (Marobodus), ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? (???? ? ??????? , ????????, ??????, ??????? ????).

?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????, ????????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ???? ?????? "????". ??? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????.

???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ?-6 ??????, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? . ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??'??? ??????? ????. ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????, ???? 568 ?????? ?????? ?-30 ??-40 ?? ???? ?-7 ??????, ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?-9.

????, ???? ?-9 ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????????? , ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??'??? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????.

????? ??'???? (P?emysl) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?-9, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? 894 , ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ???, ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? . ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??'???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?-14 .

?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? .

???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? (???? 955 ), ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????.

???????? ?????? "??? ??????" ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ( 1085 ) ? ????????? ???? ( 1158 ), ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? . ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ( 1198 ).

??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ( 1253 ) ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? . ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?-13 .

????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? 1310 ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????, ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? , ????? ?????????? . ??? ?? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? 1346 . ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? , ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????. ??? ??, ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?'??? ????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ????????, ????? , ????????? , ???????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????.

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1415 , ??? ??? , ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??'??. ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????, ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? , ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????. ????? ??, ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? .

?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?'??'?? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????. ?'??'?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????.

???? ???? ?? ?'??'?? ???? 1424 , ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?'?'?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ????????? (?????? ?? ???????) ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? 1434 .

???? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ? ???? ?? ???? 1436 .

???? 1458 ???? ???'? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????.

???? 1462 ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????.

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ???????, ? ??? ?????' ???? 1526 ???? ???????? ????'????? , ??? ?????? ?????-???? ??????? ??????? (????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????). ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ? ???????? ?????????? .

????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????, ???? ?? (?? ?? ?????) ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ??? 1620 .

???? 1609 ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ???? ??????, ????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?????, ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?? ???? 1617 ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ????, ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? . ??? ??? ????? ????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ?????? , ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ???? ??????????? ????? (????? ?????????? ). ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?- 1618 , ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? . ^[1] ?????? ????, ???? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????. ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ???????, ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ?'???? ?????, ??? ??????? . ? ??? ??? ???? , ????? ???? ????? ???? 1620 , ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????.

???? ???? ?-18 ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ? ?'??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????, ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ? ???????? ???????-??????? ????? ???? ?? 1848 , ?? ???? ??'??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????.

???? ?-20 ??-21 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ???????-??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? , ??????? ???? ???? ? ?'????????? , ??? ????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? , ??????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?'????????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ( 1918 ), ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????.

?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????-???????, ???? ???????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??'??? ???? 1938 ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?'??? ?? ???????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.

???? 1946 ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??'????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? .

???? ????? ???????????, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????.

???? ????? ? ???????? , ?????? ????? ????????? ?'??? ???? 1993 . ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????, ?????? ????????, ? ????????? ??'??? .

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??????????

• ?? ??????: ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?'??? , ???? ????? ‏, 31 ???? 2014
• ?????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????????? ? ?'???
?????? ??????? ????? ??'???