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**Art Farmer**
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????? ??????? ????? (? ?????? : Arthur Stewart Farmer ;‏ 21 ??????? 1928 ? 4 ???????? 1999 ) ??? ?????? ?'?? ???? ????????? ??????? . ????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ? ??????? , ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? "Farmer's Market" ?-1952. ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? '?? ????-????, ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? , ???? ?????? ? ?'??'? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? .

??? ????????? ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ?'???' ???? ???? ?'????. ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?'?? ?????? ????? ?? ?-Jazztet ??? ?? ??? ?????? . ?????? ???? ?-60 ????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????????? ??? ????? ?"??" ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??'??. ^[1] ????? ?????? ??????? ?-1968 ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ????? ???? ?-50 ??????? ??????, 12 ?? ?-Jazztet, ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? .

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ???? ?-21 ??????? 1928, ???????? ?????, ????? . ????? ?????? ???? ?? 4 ???? ??? ??? ?? ???, ????, ??? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? . ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????-????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???'?? ?-1945, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? , ???? ??????, ??? ?'?? ?????? ??? ?'????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? 16, ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????, ?'??? ?????, ????? ???. ^[2] ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? . ???? ???? ???'??, ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? . ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? , ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? , ???, ???????? ???, "?? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ???. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????". ^[3]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ???? ???'?? ????-???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?'??? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????-????, ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? , ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?-1948 ???? ?????? ?? ?'?? ????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???'?? ???? ???? ?-40 ?????? ???? ?-50 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? , ??? ????? ??'??? ???????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ? 1951-52. ^[4]

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????? ??? ???? ???'?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?-1952. ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? , ??????? ?'??? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?'???? ?-1953. ^[5]

????? ??? ????-????, ?-1953 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ^[6]^[7] ????? ??? ? "??? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?-50": ^[8] ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? (1954-56), ????? ????? (1956-58), ?'?? ?????? (1958-59), ?'?????? ???? ? ?'???? ?????? . ^[9]

????? ???? ?-50, ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? ????, ?'???' ???? , ??????? ?'??? ? ?????? ????? , ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?'???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?'???? ?-1993. ^[10] ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? . ?-1959 ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?-Jazztet, ???? ???? ?? 1962, ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??'??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? . ?????? ???? ?-60 ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?'?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ; ???????? ???? ?? 1964.

?????? ???? ????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?-1968 ??? ????? ? ????? , ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? , ????? ?????? ? ?? ????? . ?????? ????? ?-70 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ?-1976 ??? "??? ?????? 90% ?? ????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????". ^[11] ????? ?-Jazztet ?-1982, ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????.

?????? ???? ?-90, ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?-90, ?-4 ???????? 1999, ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? , ???? 71. ^[12]^[13]

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????? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? (Mechtilde Lawgger), ??????? ?????? ???? ?-20 ???, ?? ???? ?-1992. ????? ???? ?? ???? ?-1985 ?"??? ?????, ??? ?? ??????."; ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????: ?????? ??'? , ????, ???? ???? ?-1990 ?"????, ?????, [ ... ] ????".

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?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???. ????? ? ?????? ???? "????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ?????? " ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ? ?? ????? , "????? ??? ????? ????? ????. ????????? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???".

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^ Feather, Leonard (March 30, 1990) "Jazz Review: Art Farmer's Fluegelhorn of Plenty" . Los Angeles Times .
^ Rosenthal, David (1993) Hard Bop: Jazz and Black Music, 1955?1965 . pp. 85?94. Oxford University Press.
^ Robinson, Greg (October 1994) "Art Farmer: Playing It Right". JazzTimes . pp. 47?48, 53.
^ Feather, Leonard & Gitler, Ira (2007) The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz . p. 219. Oxford University Press.
^ Fordham, John (October 7, 1999) "Art Farmer" . The Guardian .
^ "Art Farmer: Discography" . All About Jazz. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
^ "The Art Farmer Septet: Review" . AllMusic. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
^ Ramsey, Douglas K. (1989) Jazz Matters: Reflections on the Music & Some of Its Makers . University of Arkansas Press.
^ Kahn, Ashley (November 2004) "Elvin Jones: The Company of Thunder" . JazzTimes .
^ "Clifford Jordan, Chicago Be-bop Tenor Saxophonist" . tribunedigital-chicagotribune (???????) . ???? ?- 2017-11-24 .
^ Fraser, Gerald C. (August 26, 1976) "Art Farmer Finds Jazz in Europe Challenging" The New York Times . p. 39.
^ Heckman, Don & Thurber, Jon (October 7, 1999) "Art Farmer: Eloquent Jazz Master of the Trumpet and Fluegelhorn" . Los Angeles Times .
^ "Art Farmer" . (October 7, 1999) The Denver Post Online .

[LA1990-1] Feather, Leonard (March 30, 1990) "Jazz Review: Art Farmer's Fluegelhorn of Plenty" . Los Angeles Times .

[David-2] Rosenthal, David (1993) Hard Bop: Jazz and Black Music, 1955?1965 . pp. 85?94. Oxford University Press.

[Rob-3] Robinson, Greg (October 1994) "Art Farmer: Playing It Right". JazzTimes . pp. 47?48, 53.

[Feather-4] Feather, Leonard & Gitler, Ira (2007) The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz . p. 219. Oxford University Press.

[JF-5] Fordham, John (October 7, 1999) "Art Farmer" . The Guardian .

[6] "Art Farmer: Discography" . All About Jazz. Retrieved April 2, 2013.

[7] "The Art Farmer Septet: Review" . AllMusic. Retrieved April 2, 2013.

[ramsey-8] Ramsey, Douglas K. (1989) Jazz Matters: Reflections on the Music & Some of Its Makers . University of Arkansas Press.

[9] Kahn, Ashley (November 2004) "Elvin Jones: The Company of Thunder" . JazzTimes .

[10] "Clifford Jordan, Chicago Be-bop Tenor Saxophonist" . tribunedigital-chicagotribune (???????) . ???? ?- 2017-11-24 .

[11] Fraser, Gerald C. (August 26, 1976) "Art Farmer Finds Jazz in Europe Challenging" The New York Times . p. 39.

[LAT-12] Heckman, Don & Thurber, Jon (October 7, 1999) "Art Farmer: Eloquent Jazz Master of the Trumpet and Fluegelhorn" . Los Angeles Times .

[13] "Art Farmer" . (October 7, 1999) The Denver Post Online .

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