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?????? (TA98)	digiti pedis
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TA2 (2019)	170
FMA	25046
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???? MeSH	D014034

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?????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ???????, ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????.

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?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? .

??? ????? ?? ????? ????, ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? (???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????) ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????.

???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ^[7] ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??40 ?????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ???? ?????. ^[8] ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???. ^[9] ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? (???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????) ????? ????? ?? ??????? (???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????). ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ^[10]

?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????, ????? ?? ????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ^[11] ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 1000 ????"? ????. ^[12]

??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?? ???? ????? (hallux valgus) - ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????, ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
??????? ?? ?? ?????? - ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????????? , ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????.
?????? ??????? - ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????, ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ????? (????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????) ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? . ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ????, ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????. ^[13]
???? ????/??????
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???? - ???? ?????? (Tinea Pedis) ??? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ????? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????-????????? ??????? ?? ? ????? ????? , ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? .

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ??????

????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????

?????? ????? ????? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????????. ????? "?????? ?????" ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????. ^[14] ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? . ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????, ?????? ?? ?????? (?????? ?????, ????? ????? ??????). ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??"???? ??" ???????.

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????
???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????
??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????
????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????

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?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Moore KL, Clinically Oriented Anatomy , 3rd Ed., Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, The Lower Limb , 1992 ISBN 068306133X
Harcourt-Smith WE, Aiello LC. Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion. Journal of anatomy . 2004 May;204(5):403-16. PMID 15198703
McHenry HM. Tempo and mode in human evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 1994 Jul 19;91(15):6780-6. PMID 8041697
Mann RA, Hagy JL. The function of the toes in walking, jogging and running. Clinical orthopaedics and related research . 1979 Jul-Aug;(142):24-9. PMID 498642
Hughes J, Clark P, Klenerman L. The importance of the toes in walking. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume . 1990 Mar;72(2):245-51. PMID 2312564
Carl Zimmer. The purpose of toes - analogous to gears in improving running efficiency. (?????? ???? ????, 23.6.2021) Discover. Feb 1995.
Ayub A, Yale SH, Bibbo C. Common foot disorders. Clinical medicine & research . 2005 May;3(2):116-9. PMID 16012132

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ??????????

???? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? , ????? " ????? ??????? ?????? ", ???? ?????? ???????? (?????, ???? " nana10 ‏")
?????? ????; ????? ????? , ???? ??????? ????? ?????? , ??? 2010

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ?????? ???? , ???? ??????? ????? ?????? , ‏25 ???? 2010
^ ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? [????? ?????] (???"?) , ???? ??????? ????? ??????
^ Harcourt-Smith & Aiello, 2004
^ ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????.
^ McHenry, 1994
^ ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. Harcourt-Smith & Aiello, 2004
^ Mann & Hagy, 1979
^ Hughes et al. 1990
^ Zimmer, 1995
^ Dr.Romanov, THE ROLE OF TOES IN RUNNING (?????? ???? ????, 23.6.2021) , pose-tech
^ Mann RA, Poppen NK, O'Konski M. Amputation of the great toe. A clinical and biomechanical study. Clinical orthopaedics and related research . 1988 Jan;(226):192-205. PMID 3335094
^ Corey Binns, Fact or Fiction?: No Big Toe, No Go , Scientific American, May 03, 2007
^ Rounding C, Bloomfield S. Surgical treatments for ingrowing toenails. Cochrane database of systematic reviews . 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD001541. PMID 15846620
^ ???? ??? , ????? ?????? ??????: ??? ???? ??? ????? , ???? ynet , 29 ?????? 2005

?????: ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? .

[1] ?????? ???? , ???? ??????? ????? ?????? , ‏25 ???? 2010

[2] ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? [????? ?????] (???"?) , ???? ??????? ????? ??????

[3] Harcourt-Smith & Aiello, 2004

[4] ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????.

[5] McHenry, 1994

[6] ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. Harcourt-Smith & Aiello, 2004

[7] Mann & Hagy, 1979

[8] Hughes et al. 1990

[9] Zimmer, 1995

[10] Dr.Romanov, THE ROLE OF TOES IN RUNNING (?????? ???? ????, 23.6.2021) , pose-tech

[11] Mann RA, Poppen NK, O'Konski M. Amputation of the great toe. A clinical and biomechanical study. Clinical orthopaedics and related research . 1988 Jan;(226):192-205. PMID 3335094

[12] Corey Binns, Fact or Fiction?: No Big Toe, No Go , Scientific American, May 03, 2007

[13] Rounding C, Bloomfield S. Surgical treatments for ingrowing toenails. Cochrane database of systematic reviews . 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD001541. PMID 15846620

[14] ???? ??? , ????? ?????? ??????: ??? ???? ??? ????? , ???? ynet , 29 ?????? 2005

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