????? ?????? ?????

????? ?????? ?????
Empire State Building
?????? ????? ????? ??????: ; 1931 - 1970
????? ????	????? ???????
????? ???	????? ???????
???? ????
???	????? ?????? , ???? ????? , ??????? ????????
?? ??	Empire State
?????	??????? ?????
?????	?????
?????	????? ?????
?????	?????? ????? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
????? ??????	17 ???? 1930 ? 11 ?????? 1931 (???)
????? ????? ????	1 ???? 1931
????? ?????	???? , ???? , ??? ??? , ????
????	40,948,900 ???? ???????
??????	Homer G. Balcom
????? ???????	?? ???
?????
????	381 ????? (?? ?? ?????) ; 443.2 ????? (???? ????? ?????) ???
???	2,248,355 ??? ?????
?????	103
???????????	40°44′54″N 73°59′09″W / 40.748417°N 73.985833°W
	www .esbnyc .com
	(???? ??? ???? ?????) ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ; ?????? ; ??? ?'??? ????? ?????? ?????

????? ??????? ????? (? ?????? : Empire State Building , ??????? "????? ????? ????????") ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???? 34 , ? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? , ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? , "????? ????????". ????? 381 ????? (443.2 ????? ?? ????? ?????), ^[2] ???? ??? 103 ?????. ^[3] ??? ????? ????? "?????? ????? ????? ?????" ???? 39 ????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? 1 ???? 1931 , ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? , ??? ???? ????? ??????? (Topping Out) ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? , ?- 1970 . ^[4] ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 11 ??????? 2001 , ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? (?? ?? ? ????? ????? ) ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?- 30 ?????? 2012 . ^[5]

???? ???? 2022 , ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??-54 ?????? ? ???? .

?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? .

?????? ???? ?????? Empire State Realty Trust, ^[6] ????? 2010 ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? 550 ?????? ???? ??????? , ???? 120 ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? . ??? ?? ??? ??????? 2011 ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? LEED . ^[7]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?'?? ??????? ???? ???? ?-18 . ^[8] ???? ???? ?-19 , ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????-??????? , ??????? ???? ?? "????? ????", ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????.

??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??-Empire Mill ???????, ???????? .

?????, ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?. ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????, "????, ?? ??????" ^[9] ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????-???, ?? ???? ???????? , ?- Carew Tower ? ???????? ?? ????? (????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?????? Walter W. Ahlschlager). ^[10]^[11] ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???. ^[12]

????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? Starrett Brothers and Eken, ???? ???? ? ????? ?'?? ????? ????? ?? ????. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????' ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? General Builders Supply ?? ?'???? ?????. ^[13] ?'?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ^[14]^[15]

??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?- 22 ?????? 1930 ??????? ???? ???? ?- 17 ???? ????? ???. ??????? ???? ?-4,300 ??????, ???? ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ^[16] ?- 31 ???? 1931 ???? ?????.

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? , ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????. ????? ? ?????? ??????? , ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??40 . ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ????? ??? ????, ?????? "????? ?????? ????" (Empty State Building). ^[17]^[18] ?? ???? 1950 ??? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?????, ????? 1951 ???? ????? ??????? ????'? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????, 51 ?????? ????. ^[19]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?? 1945 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????

???? 9:40 ????? 28 ????? 1945 , ????? ????? B-25 ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???-???? ?????? ??????? ????' ?'?????, ^[20] ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? 79 ?-80, ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ???? 40 ???? ?-14 ??? ???? ??????. ^[21]^[22] ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ????? 75 ????? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???. ^[23] ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???, 30 ????? 1945. ?????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 1946 ???? ??, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ^[24]

???? ???? ???, ????? ???? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ^[25]

???????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ??? 30 ???????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????. ^[26] ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ???? 1947 ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ^[27]

?- 1 ???? 1947, ?????? ?????? , ????? ?? 23, ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?-86 ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????, ?????? ? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???. ??????, ?????? ?? ??? "???????? ???? ?????", ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? 12 ???? 1947. ^[28]^[29]^[30]

?????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????.

?- 24 ??????? 1997 , ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ?????? ???, ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ^[31]

?- 24 ??????? 2012 ???? 9:00 ?????, ??? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ?'??? ?'????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? 2011 . ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?'??? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ???, ??? ??????? ??'??? 16 ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ??????? ???? 3 ?????? ????. ^[32]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ? ???? ????

????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? 381 ????? (1,250 ??? ) ?? ???? ????? ?-102 ?????? ?? 443.09 ????? (1,453.7 ??? ) ????? ?? ??? ????? ? ??? . ?????? 85 ????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 200,500 ?"? , ????? ?-86 ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????, 16 ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?-102 ??? ???? ????? ?? ??. ?? ?? ????? ???? ????, ?????? 62 ?????, ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????.

????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?-100 ?????. ?????? ?? 6,500 ?????? , 73 ?????? ?-1,860 ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? 102 ?????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?-257,211 ?"? , ???? ???? ????? ???? 8,094 ?"?. ????? ??? ???? ?? ?-1,000 ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 10118. ???? 2007 , ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?-21,000 ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? , ???? ??????? . ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?-45 ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? 64 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ^[33] ???? ?-2014, ?????? ?? 73 ??????, ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?-80, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ?-80 ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?-86, ?? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? 113 ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????, 760,000 ????? ?? ???? ???? ^[34] ??-9,000 ????? . ???? ?????? ????? ??-340,000 ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????.

???? ?????? ?????? ????? $40,948,900 (???? ??? ?-$635,000,000 ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2014 ). ^[35]

????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?-30 ?? ???? ?-20 . ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????. ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ??, ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? 1964 . ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????, ???: ??? ????? ????? , ?? ????? , ??? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ???????? . ^[36] ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? , ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????, "Ol' Blue Eyes". ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ( ???? ???? ) ???? 2004 , ????? ????? ???? 15 ????. ^[37]

???? ?????? 11 ??????? 2001 , ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ? ???? (????? ??? ????? ????? ) ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????. ?- 4 ????? 2002 , ???? ?????? ????? ???? ? ??? (???? ????? ?????? ?????? ), ???? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? , ???? ?????? 11 ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ( ???? , ???? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? , ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????'?? ????). ????? 2015 ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? , ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??-?????? . ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? . ??? 1 ?-3 ????? 2012 , ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?-49 ?? "??? ???? ?????". ^[38]

????? ?-103 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?-102, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?-103. ^[39] ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ????? . ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ^[40] ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????.

???????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 2010 ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? 550 ?????? ???? ??????? , ???? 120 ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? , ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????. ^[41] ????? ??? ??? ????? 6,500 ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????. ^[42] ?????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?-17 ?????? ???? ??????? ????.

??? ??, ??? ??????? 2011 ??? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? LEED . ^[43]

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 1978 . ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?-86. ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? 320 ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? 9 ???? ?-33 ?????, ????? ???? 2003 ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???????, ??? ?????. ^[44]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? 1933 ? ??? " ???? ???? ", ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ?- 1983 , 50 ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ????? 27 ?????, ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ^[45] ?- 2005 , ??? ??????? ??? ?????.

????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????, " ?????' ", ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ?????? , ???? ??? ?????? , The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.
????? ?? ??? ?????? " ???? ?'???? ??????????? " ????????? (???? ?? ????? ????????) ???? ????? ?-600 ?? ????? ??????? ?????.

??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? 2.3 ?????, ????? ???? 250 ???? ?-12,000 ?????? ??? , ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? "LEGO Architecture: Towering Ambition", ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ??. ??. ^[46]
???? ?????? ????? , ??? "????????" ????? , ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? 1994 , ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?-Weehawken, ??? ?'???
?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? , ??? ? ????? ?'? ??
??? ????? ????? ??????
????? ????? ??????
?????? ?????? ? ?? ???
???? ?????? ??? ??????
??? ?????? ???? ????????
????? ????? ??????
?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? - ????
?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? , ??? ????? , ? ?????? ??????? 2012 (???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????)

360° - ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????

??????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Aaseng, Nathan (1998). Construction: Building the Impossible. Minneapolis, MN: The Oliver Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-881508-59-5 .
Bascomb, Neal (2003). Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the Making of a City. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-50660-1 .
Goldman, Jonathan (1980). The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-24455-2 .
James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-012172-3 .
Kingwell, Mark (2006). Nearest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10622-0 .
Pacelle, Mitchell (2001). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-40394-4 .
Tauranac, John (1995). The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-19678-7 .
Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 978-1-59223-105-8 .
Willis, Carol; Friedman, Donald (1998). Building the Empire State. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-73030-2 .

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? (???????)

????? ?????? ????? , ???? ??????? ???????
????? ?????? ????? , ???? ??????? ??? ( ?????? )
????? ?????? ????? , ???? ??????? ????????
????? ?????? ????? , ??????? ? ???? ???????
????? ?????? ????? , ???? ???????
????? ?????? ????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???? ??????? ?? ??????
?'???? ?' ????, ????? ????? , ???? ???? , 31 ?????? 2011
Empire State Building on CTBUH Skyscraper Center
Empire State Building (1930) ? film footage of the building's construction at British Pathe News
Hearst Magazines ( ?????? 1930 ). Popular Mechanics . Hearst Magazines. p. 920. {{ cite book }}: ( ???? )
Empire State Building green retrofit archive at the Internet Archive
Empire State Building trivia at About.com
Empire State Building under construction (1930?1931) at the New York Public Library
Empire State Building at Viva 2 ( ????? 17.07.2012 ??????? Wayback Machine ) ? archive of over 500 construction photographs at The Skyscraper Museum
Streetscapes: The Empire State Building slideshow at ???? ???? ?????
???????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????: ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? , ???? ??????? , 30 ???? 2013
?'???? ???? The Wall Street Journal , ? ???? ????? ???? "???? ?????? ?? ?????"? , ???? ????? , 15 ?????? 2022
?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????, 1930 , ??????? ???????? ?? Associated Press ‏
???? ????? ?????? ?????, '?????? ????? ?????', 1931 , ??????? ???????? ?? Associated Press ‏
????? ?????? ?????? , 1931, ?????? ???????? ?? AP
???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? , 1945, ?????? ???????? ?? AP
???? ???? ????? , ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? , ???? ???? , 7 ??????? 2019

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² Constructing History , Empire State Building website
^ http://www.esbnyc.com/visit_empire_state_building.asp
^ http://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/empire-state-building/
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20131228040848/http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/history-twin-towers.html
^ http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/official-1-wtc-new-york-new-tallest-building-article-1.1069925?localLinksEnabled=false
^ http://www.empirestaterealtytrust.com/properties
^ http://www.esbnyc.com/sustainability_energy_efficiency.asp
^ http://www.esbnyc.com/esb_story_historical_timeline.asp
^ ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????, ????? ????? ????? , ?? ?? ????? ???"? ??????? .
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20090107082903/http://www.allbusiness.com/construction/construction-buildings/167637-1.html
^ http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3HKE
^ Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building. San Diego: Thunder Bay Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-59223-105-8
^ Willis, Carol (1995). "Empire State Building". In Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press & The New-York Historical Society. pp. 375?376
^ http://www.travellinghistorian.com/new.html
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110716082536/http://www.skyride.com/doc/middle/Before_Arts.pdf
^ http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm
^ http://www.nytimes.com/travel/guides/north-america/united-states/new-york/new-york-city/attractions.html
^ http://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1833243,00.html
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20100124184746/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/index.html
^ http://www.457thbombgroup.org/New/750thSquad.html
^ http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0112/News/News8-0112.html
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110710181241/http://www.elevator-world.com/magazine/archive01/9603-002.htm
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051127184048/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=53746
^ http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873
^ http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/08/magazine/the-height-of-ambition.html
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20090212202646/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/04/26/features/empside.php
^ Reavill, Gil; Zimmerman, Jean (2003). Manhattan. Compass American Guides (4th ed.). New York: Compass American Guides. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-676-90495-6
^ http://books.google.co.il/books?id=ZEgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42&hl=iw#v=onepage&q&f=false
^ http://manhattan.about.com/od/historyandlandmarks/ss/Photo-Tour-Of-Sites-Of-Famous-New-York-Deaths_3.htm
^ http://israblog.nana10.co.il/blogread.asp?blog=1499&blogcode=13239124
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20100420005919/http://www.cnn.com/US/9702/24/empire.shooting/
^ http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/25/justice/new-york-empire-state-shooting/index.html?hpt=hp_t3/
^ http://books.google.co.il/books?id=8ycDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44&hl=iw#v=onepage&q&f=false
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20091108015050/http://www.esbnyc.com/tourism/tourism_facts.cfm?CFID=35912131&CFTOKEN=20453790
^ http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm
^ Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). "The Empire State to Glow at Night". The New York Times.
^ Tallmer, Jerry (September 29, 2004). "Whatever Happened to Fay Wray?". The Villager.
^ ???? ?? ?????, ?????????, ??? ???? ????-???: ????? ???? ???? ????? , ???? ynet , 3 ????? 2012
^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/gunman-opens-fire-outside-empire-state-building-is-shot-by-police/2012/08/24/af5d1bde-edf0-11e1-b0eb-dac6b50187ad_story.html
^ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/16/arts/design/empire-state-buildings-new-exhibition-review.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
^ "2009 ULI Fall Meeting & Urban Land Expo ? Green Retrofit: What Is Making This the Wave of the Future?" (PDF).
^ Amory Lovins (March?April 2012). "A Farewell to Fossil Fuels". Foreign Affairs.
^ http://www.esbnyc.com/sustainability_energy_efficiency.asp
^ "NYRR Empire State Building Run-Up Crowns Dold and Walsham as Champions". New York Road Runners. February 6, 2007. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/spike-tvs-last-family-on-earth-coming-to-a-bunker-near-you/2012/06/05/gJQAD8JpGV_story.html
^ http://www.nbm.org/exhibitions-collections/exhibitions/lego-architecture.html

**????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????**
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???? ????? ??????	???? ????? 8	???? ????????	????? ?????	????? ?????? ???????????	???? ???? ?????? 4	One57	????? ???? ???? ?????	????? ???????	???? ??? ??? ??????	????? ?????? ?????	???? ??????	??

[היסט-1] ¹ ² Constructing History , Empire State Building website

[2] ttp://www.esbnyc.com/visit_empire_state_building.asp

[3] ttp://skyscrapercenter.com/new-york-city/empire-state-building/

[4] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20131228040848/http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/history-twin-towers.html

[5] ttp://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/official-1-wtc-new-york-new-tallest-building-article-1.1069925?localLinksEnabled=false

[6] ttp://www.empirestaterealtytrust.com/properties

[7] ttp://www.esbnyc.com/sustainability_energy_efficiency.asp

[8] ttp://www.esbnyc.com/esb_story_historical_timeline.asp

[9] ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????, ????? ????? ????? , ?? ?? ????? ???"? ??????? .

[10] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20090107082903/http://www.allbusiness.com/construction/construction-buildings/167637-1.html

[11] ttp://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3HKE

[12] Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building. San Diego: Thunder Bay Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-59223-105-8

[13] Willis, Carol (1995). "Empire State Building". In Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press & The New-York Historical Society. pp. 375?376

[14] ttp://www.travellinghistorian.com/new.html

[15] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20110716082536/http://www.skyride.com/doc/middle/Before_Arts.pdf

[16] ttp://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm

[17] ttp://www.nytimes.com/travel/guides/north-america/united-states/new-york/new-york-city/attractions.html

[18] ttp://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1833243,00.html

[19] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20100124184746/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/index.html

[20] ttp://www.457thbombgroup.org/New/750thSquad.html

[21] ttp://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0112/News/News8-0112.html

[22] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20110710181241/http://www.elevator-world.com/magazine/archive01/9603-002.htm

[23] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20051127184048/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=53746

[24] ttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873

[25] ttp://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/08/magazine/the-height-of-ambition.html

[26] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20090212202646/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/04/26/features/empside.php

[27] Reavill, Gil; Zimmerman, Jean (2003). Manhattan. Compass American Guides (4th ed.). New York: Compass American Guides. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-676-90495-6

[28] ttp://books.google.co.il/books?id=ZEgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42&hl=iw#v=onepage&q&f=false

[29] ttp://manhattan.about.com/od/historyandlandmarks/ss/Photo-Tour-Of-Sites-Of-Famous-New-York-Deaths_3.htm

[30] ttp://israblog.nana10.co.il/blogread.asp?blog=1499&blogcode=13239124

[31] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20100420005919/http://www.cnn.com/US/9702/24/empire.shooting/

[32] ttp://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/25/justice/new-york-empire-state-shooting/index.html?hpt=hp_t3/

[33] ttp://books.google.co.il/books?id=8ycDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44&hl=iw#v=onepage&q&f=false

[34] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20091108015050/http://www.esbnyc.com/tourism/tourism_facts.cfm?CFID=35912131&CFTOKEN=20453790

[35] ttp://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm

[36] Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). "The Empire State to Glow at Night". The New York Times.

[37] Tallmer, Jerry (September 29, 2004). "Whatever Happened to Fay Wray?". The Villager.

[38] ???? ?? ?????, ?????????, ??? ???? ????-???: ????? ???? ???? ????? , ???? ynet , 3 ????? 2012

[39] ttp://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/gunman-opens-fire-outside-empire-state-building-is-shot-by-police/2012/08/24/af5d1bde-edf0-11e1-b0eb-dac6b50187ad_story.html

[40] ttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/16/arts/design/empire-state-buildings-new-exhibition-review.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

[41] "2009 ULI Fall Meeting & Urban Land Expo ? Green Retrofit: What Is Making This the Wave of the Future?" (PDF).

[42] Amory Lovins (March?April 2012). "A Farewell to Fossil Fuels". Foreign Affairs.

[43] ttp://www.esbnyc.com/sustainability_energy_efficiency.asp

[44] "NYRR Empire State Building Run-Up Crowns Dold and Walsham as Champions". New York Road Runners. February 6, 2007. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.

[45] ttp://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/spike-tvs-last-family-on-earth-coming-to-a-bunker-near-you/2012/06/05/gJQAD8JpGV_story.html

[46] ttp://www.nbm.org/exhibitions-collections/exhibitions/lego-architecture.html

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