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???'???? (? ???????? : Alþingi ) ??? ? ?????? (???????: ????? ??????) ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ^[1].

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????'???? ???? ???? 930 ? ???? ?'???????? (Þingvellir), ?-25 ??????? ????? ? ?????????? , ???? ??????. ????????? ???? ???? 32 ?????? ????? ?? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ???? 874 ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???, ?????, ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????, ????? ??????? ?????? ????? . ???? ????'???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? . ?? ????? ???? ????? 1117 ?- 1118 , ??????? ? ???? ?? ? ???? ?-12 .

??????? ????? ??? "??? ????" (Logberg) ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????????? (Nikulasargja), ???? ?"? ????? ????? ??? ?'?????????????? (Þingvallavatn ? "??? ???? ????????"). ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? 48 ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????????.

??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? (Logretta). ????? ???? (Logsogumaður) ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? (Logretta ? "???????") ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????. ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? . ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????????? (Drekkingarhylur ? " ????? ??????") ? ??? , ?? ??????, ??? ????, ???? ?????????.

??? ???? ???????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? (?-Althingishusid) ? ?????????? , ???? ?-1881

?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?- 1262 , ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ? ??????? . ???? ??????? ????'???? ????? ??'???????? ?? 1799 , ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

? ??? ?-14 ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????. ?????? ?? ???? ????'???? ???? ???? ????. ?- 1800 ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?'???????? ???? ????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??'???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??'??????? ????? (?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????) ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????.

?- 8 ???? 1843 ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??????? ??? ???????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ????, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 25. ????'???? ??? 26 ??????. ?-20 ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?-20 ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ????'???? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?" ?????? " ?????? ????. ???? ?? ??? ?? 1874 , ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????, ???? ???? ?? 1848 ????? ????'???? ??'????????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????.

?-1874 ????? ?????? ???? , ???? ???? ??? ????'???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ?????, ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???, ????? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????'????. ???? ??????? ??? ?-30. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?-22 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?-11 ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ????'???? ???? ???? "????". ???? ?????? (????? ??? ???? ?? ?????) ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? 1881 ???? ????'???? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????????.

???? ?????? ???? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 3 ???????? 1903 ????? "????? ????" ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ????'????, ???? 40 ?????, ????? ?? -???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?- 1908 ????? ???? ?????? ??????. ?- 1915 ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?- 1918 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????'???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ?- 1942 ??? ???? ??????? ?? 52: 21 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???, ??? 12 ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?-11 ?????? ??????? ??????.

?- 1930 ???? ???? ? ??????? ????'??? ? ?????? ???? ??'????????, ???????? ??? 30,000 ?-40,000 ??? (?-15% ?????????? ?????? ???? ??).

?- 17 ????? 1944 ????? ????'???? ??'???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ??????. ?????? ?- 1952 ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?-8 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?-60. ?- 1968 ????? ??? ?????? ?-20 ??- 1984 ????? ?-18.

?-2003 ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ???? 2003 ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??-???? (??? ??? ????? ), ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 63.

?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? : ?????? ???????, ????? ???????, ?????? ???????-?????, ????? ???????-???????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????, ????? ?? ?-85%.

??????? ?? ??? 2013 ????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ^[2].

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Rowlinson Carter, The push for Independence in Tony Perrottet (Ed.) Iceland , pp. 60-66

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???? ?????? ????? ???'???? ? ??????????

??? ???????? ????? ?? ???'???? (?????????, ??????? ??????)
???'???? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???????? - ??????? ???????? , ??? ?????? ?????????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? (??????)

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^ ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????
^ ???????? ???????, ??????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? , ???? ??????? , 30 ?????? 2013

[1] ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????

[2] ???????? ???????, ??????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? , ???? ??????? , 30 ?????? 2013

[1]

[2]