??????
(?
??????
:
Admiral
) ??? ???? ????? ?
?? ??????? ??????
, ??????? ???? ????? OF-9 ??
???"?
?????? ?????
?????? ???
. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??
??? ??????
(rear-admiral),
??-??????
(vice-admiral) ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????.
????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????
?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????
???? ?????? ??????
?-
1297
, ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? (William de Leyburn) ?? ????? "?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????" (Admiral of the Sea of the King of England). ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? "??????? ?? ??????" ?? "
????? ?????? ??????
" (Lord High Admiral), ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????.
????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?-16. ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????,
?? ??????
, ????? ?????. ?????? ????, ???? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
??? ??????
(rear admiral, ???????: ?????? ?????).
?
????? ??????????
(1558-1603) ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? (squadrons). ????? ??????? ?????
??? ??? ????? ????
(red ensign), ?? ?? ??-???????
??? ??? ????? ???
??? ??? ??????? ?
??? ??? ????? ????
. ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????, ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? (????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????); ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? (admiral of the white), ?????? ?? ???? ????? (admiral of the red) ???'.
??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? - ????, ??? ?????, ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????:
- ?????? ???? ????? (?????? ???)
- ?????? ???? ????
- ?????? ???? ?????
- ??-?????? ?? ???? ?????
- ??-?????? ?? ???? ????
- ??-?????? ?? ???? ?????
- ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
- ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????
- ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?
???? ????
. ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (active list), ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????. (???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????
????? ?????
????? ???? ???? ???? 100.) ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ??? yellowing ? "?????"; ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? "?????? ?? ???? ?????" (yellow admiral).
[1]
????? ?
????????? ????
??????? ????'?
, ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????: "?????? ?? ???? ?????" ??? ????? ?????
??? ???
(half pay).
[2]
??????
???????????????????
(1649-1660) ?????? ???? ??????? ?????
???? ?? ???
(general at sea).
???? ?-18 ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?-1864 ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?
?? ??????
, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????, ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???.
???? ?-19 ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????
?????? ????
(port admiral). ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???
????
????, ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??.
?-1996 ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????, ???? ?? ?? ???
????? ??????
. ???, ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????.
?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ??-??????, ?????? ??????? ???. ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? (flag ranks), ???? ?????????, ??????? ??
????? ???
, ????? ?????
??? ????
. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?"?????? ?'?" (
??? ????? ??????
), ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???
??? ?'???' ?????
(??? ???? ?? ??? ???). ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?'???' ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????.
???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ??????, ??? 2001, ??? ??
???? ????? ??????
(????? ??????? ???"?).
[3]
[4]
-
???? ????? ?? ???? ??????
-
???? ????? ?? ??????
-
???? ????? ?? ????? ???? 2001
-
????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????
-
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???
-
??? ?????? ?? ??????
-
??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????
-
??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
- ^
Stephen Millar (2008). "Promotion in the Flag Ranks in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars." In:
The Napoleon Series
.
- ^
N.A.M. Rodger (2004)
The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649-1815
. London, Allen Lane. pp. 325-6.
- ^
Uniforms and Badges of Rank: Admiral ???? [navy.mod.uk/server/show/conMediaFile.21093 navy.mod.uk]
- ^
?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????"?, ??? ????? ?????? ???? 2001 ??? ??????? ??????. ??? - UK DCI (Joint Service) 125/2001.