??? ??? ???????

??? ??? ???????
	??? ?????? (Stevens Arch) ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ???? 67 ????? ?????? 45 ?????.
	??? ?????? (Stevens Arch) ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ???? 67 ????? ?????? 45 ?????.
??????
???	?????
???	????? ? ???? (???? 174-191 ?????? ????)
?????????	????? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ? ??????? ????? ????
????? ?? ??	??? ? ???????
??? ???? ?? ???	????? ?????? ?-1917
?????
???	265,000 ??"?
????	??? ???????
?????	????? ?????
???????????	36°42′N 110°48′W / 36.7°N 110.8°W
??? ?	????? ????? ???
????? ??? ????	????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
????? ??? ???	????? ???? ??? ?? ?????
????	700 ????? ???????

????? ???? ??? ??? ???????, ???? ? ???? ?????

??? ??? ??????? (? ?????? : Navajo Sandstone ) ??? ????? ???????? , ??? ? ????? ????? ??? (Glen Canyon Group), ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ????? : ????? ???? , ????? ??????? , ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? , ???? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ????? ????? . ^[2]

????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ??????? , ^[3] ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? , ? ????? ????? , ????? ?????? ????????? , ????? ?????? ???? , ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? , ^[4] ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????-??????? .

?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? 670 ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???.

???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ???? , ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ? ????? ????? ????? ???, ?? ???? ????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??-??????? ????? ????? 190 ?????? ????? ????????. ?????? ??????, ???? ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? , ???? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???????. ? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????.

?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? , ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ????? ????, ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? . ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ? ??????? . ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????-????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????.

????? ? ?????? , ^[5] ???????? , ^[6] ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ????????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????: ????, ???, ?????, ???, ????, ???? ?????, ???? ?????, ????, ??? ?????.

????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? , ^[7] ????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? . ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ?????, ???????, "?????", ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ^[8]^[9]

??? ?????????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? (??? ???? 235 ?????? ???? ?-201 ?????? ????), ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ? ???? (??? ???? 190 ?????? ???? ?-174 ?????? ????). ^[2] ??? ????? ????? ?? ???. ??? ???? ?? ?? " ??? ???????? " ?? ????-???? ????? ????? . ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? "???? ?? ?????" ^[10] (Lamb Point Tongue) ?"???? ??? ??? ????" (Shurtz Sandstone Tongue). ^[2]

?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? (Herbert Ernest Gregory‏ 1952-1869), ^[11] ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? "??? ??? ????? ???". ^[12] ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? (La Plata Group). ????? ????? (Arthur A. Baker‏; 1996-1897) ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?-1936. ^[13] ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?-1961. ^[14] ?-1989 ????? ????? ?????? (Kevin Padian) ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ^[15]

????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? . ???? ?? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????.

??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? , ???? ??? ??? (Black Mesa Basin), ??????????? ???? ????? (Great Basin province), ? ??? ??????? (Uinta Basin), ????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ? ?????? ???????? ???? , ?????? ??? , ????????? ? ???'? , ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? (Dinosaur), ?????? ?????' , ???? ???????-??????? (Grand Staircase-Escalante), ? ??????? (Colorado) ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? (Glen Canyon National Recreation Area).

?????? ?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????????. ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????. ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ( Ammosaurus Major ), ????????? , ????????? ( Pteraichnus ) ? ????? ( Seitaad ruessi ).

?????? ?????? ????? (????? ??????) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????, ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? W ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????

??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ^[16] ?????? ????? . ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? "????? ???????" (??????? "Moqui marbles"), ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????, ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (????? ????? ???? ?????? "??") ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???. ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????-???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???'? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????-???????.

?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????, ???????, ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????, ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? . ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???. ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????.

???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? (Fe ₂O ₃) ? ???? (FeOOH). ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? . ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???.

??????? ??? ?? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? "???????? ?????" ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?-2004.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Gregory, HE, and RW Stone (1917) Geology of the Navajo country; a reconnaissance of parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Professional Paper no. 93. United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia ??' 161
^ ¹ ² ³ Navajo Sandstone
^ ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????, ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? . ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????
^ Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area - Rock Climbing.
^ ??????? permeability - ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????.
^ ??????? porosity - ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????
^ ??????? laminea - ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???
^ Chan, MA, and WT Parry, '' Mysteries of Sandstone Colors and Concretions in Colorado Plateau Canyon Country
^ Chan, M., BB Beitler, WT Parry, J Ormo, and G Komatsu, Red Rock and Red Planet Diagenesis: Comparison of Earth and Mars Concretions.
^ ???? ? ??????? Tongue ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?"????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????"
^ Herbert Ernest Gregory, Geology of the Navajo Country: A Reconnaissance of Parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah ??' 51
^ Poole, FG, and JH Stewart (1964) Chinle Formation and Glen Canyon Sandstone in northeastern Utah and northwestern Colorado.
^ Arthur A. Baker, Geology of the Monument Valley-Navajo Mountain region, San Juan County, Utah. Bulletin no. 865. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
^ Lewis, GE, JH Irwin, and RF Wilson (1961) Age of the Glen Canyon Group (Triassic and Jurassic) on the Colorado Plateau.
^ Padian, K (1989) Presence of dinosaur Scelidosaurus indicates Jurassic age for the Kayenta Formation (Glen Canyon Group, northern Arizona).
^ ??????? concretion, ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?"????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????"

הסטרטיגרפיה של רמת קולורדו מדרום מזרח יוטה מהפרם ועד היורה חושפת את מרבית תצורות הסלע הידועות משמורות הטבע דוגמת הפארק הלאומי קפיטול ריף והפארק הלאומי קניונלנדס. מלמעלה למטה: הכיפות השחמחמות המעוגלות של אבן חול נאוואחו, השכבה האדומה של תצורת קיינטה (Kayenta Formation), אבן חול וינגייט (Wingate Sandstone) האדומה יוצרת הצוקים, תצורת צ'ינלה הסגולה יוצרת המדרון, תצורת מואנקופי השכבתית שגונה אדום בהיר, ותצורת קטלר (Cutler Formation), אבן חול לבנה שכבתית. הצילום בוצע באזור הנופש הלאומי קניון גלן שביוטה

? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ????????? . ?????? ????: ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? , ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? (Kayenta Formation), ??? ??? ??????? (Wingate Sandstone) ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ?'???? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????, ? ????? ???? (Cutler Formation), ??? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????

[1] Gregory, HE, and RW Stone (1917) Geology of the Navajo country; a reconnaissance of parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Professional Paper no. 93. United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia ??' 161

[USGS2004-2] ¹ ² ³ Navajo Sandstone

[3] ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????, ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? . ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????

[4] Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area - Rock Climbing.

[5] ??????? permeability - ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????.

[6] ??????? porosity - ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????

[7] ??????? laminea - ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???

[Chan2002-8] Chan, MA, and WT Parry, '' Mysteries of Sandstone Colors and Concretions in Colorado Plateau Canyon Country

[Chan2005-9] Chan, M., BB Beitler, WT Parry, J Ormo, and G Komatsu, Red Rock and Red Planet Diagenesis: Comparison of Earth and Mars Concretions.

[10] ???? ? ??????? Tongue ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?"????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????"

[11] Herbert Ernest Gregory, Geology of the Navajo Country: A Reconnaissance of Parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah ??' 51

[12] Poole, FG, and JH Stewart (1964) Chinle Formation and Glen Canyon Sandstone in northeastern Utah and northwestern Colorado.

[13] Arthur A. Baker, Geology of the Monument Valley-Navajo Mountain region, San Juan County, Utah. Bulletin no. 865. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

[14] Lewis, GE, JH Irwin, and RF Wilson (1961) Age of the Glen Canyon Group (Triassic and Jurassic) on the Colorado Plateau.

[15] Padian, K (1989) Presence of dinosaur Scelidosaurus indicates Jurassic age for the Kayenta Formation (Glen Canyon Group, northern Arizona).

[16] ??????? concretion, ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?"????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????"

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