???????? ??????

???????? ??????
Variola vera
	? ???? , ????? ?? 370,000
	? ???? , ????? ?? 370,000
????	????? ????????
????? ??????	??? ?????
????	Variola virus (vaccinia)
???????	?????? , ??????? , pimple , ??? , ???? , ??? ??? , ??? ??? , ????? , ????
?????	metisazone ; tecovirimat ;
??????? ?????? ????
eMedicine	article/237229
DiseasesDB	12219
MeSH	D012899
MedlinePlus	001356
???????
ICD-10	B 03
ICD-11	1E70

???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? , ?????? ?? ??? ? ???? Variola major. ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? , ????? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? ; ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ???????? .

?????: ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??????

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????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ??18 , ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????, ???? ??????? 1977 ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? 1980 ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????.

???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????.

??????? ????? ?????

????? ????? ????? ?????

????? ????? ?? ??? ????? Variola major, ??????? ?????? poxviridae . ????? ???? ???? ?? DNA ??-????? ??????? ??? ?-186 ??? ????? ?????? . ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? (250x400 ??????). ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???, ????? ???? ???? ????? ????.

????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? . ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ? ??????? . ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????.

??????? ????? ?????

???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????. ????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? , ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ? ????? ? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ??? , ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????, ??? ??????? , ??????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ????????, ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? . ? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ? ????? ?????? , ? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?? . ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ????? ?????.

????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????, ?? ?????, ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ??? ???, ???? ???? ? ????????? , ????????? ??????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? (??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ; ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????).

?????? ?????? ????? ???? (??30%), ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ???? ?????, ???????? ????, ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???, ??? ??? ????????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????; ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ? ??? , ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ????? , ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???? . ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? , ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????.

???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????. ?? ???, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? (???? ????) ???? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??? Cidofovir ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????.

??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???. ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ( ????? , ??????? ? ????? ), ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????: "? ?? ??????" " ???? ????? " ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?-3,000 ???? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????, ?? ???? , ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ???? 1157 ????"?. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ???.

???? ????????? , ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????, ???? ???????, ?????? ? ???? ???? ?-3 . ????? ?????, ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??, ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????.

????? ?????? ?????

??? ????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ??????

??? ???? ?????? ??????????, ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? . ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? . ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????.

?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ? ??? ?-11 ? ??? . ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ? ????? ? ?????? , ???? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???. ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???. ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? . ????? ??, ???? ????? ????? ??, ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? 1717 , ????? ??????? ? ?????? , ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? , ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??.

????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ?'?? , ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????, ???? ?? ????, ??? ? ?????? , ?????? ????? ? ??? . ?'?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ; ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????.

???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?'?? ?? ??????, ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????, ???????? ????? , ????? ??, ???? ?????? ??, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ?? ????? ??? ?? ???, ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????, ???? ?'?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????. ?'?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????.

?- 1796 ???? ?'?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????. ????, ??? ????, ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???. ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??????, ???? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?'?? ???? 1796 ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ?? ?'?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? (poxviridae), ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? , ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????.

?????? ?? ?'?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? '?????' ??????? ('vaccination'), ?????? ????? ? ?????? 'vacca' (?????, '???').

????? ???? ?????? ?????

??? ????? ??19 ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? (?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????), ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?-20 ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? (? ????? ????? ??1972, ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ??????), ??? ??????? ????? ??, ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? (?????? ????) ???? ????, ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????.

????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ???? 1977 ? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????. ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??1978 ? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? . ????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ?'?? ????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????-????? ????? ????? ?? ? ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? - ??? ? ???? ?????? ????? (CDC) ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ????? ? ????? , ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? . ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???, ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???. ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 2014. ????? ???? ?-20 ?????? ????? ??? ?????? , ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? , ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ^[1] ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ( ??? ???? ).

???? 1979, ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? 3 ????? ???????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, ?????? ? ?'??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???, ????? ???? ???? ???? : "??? ???? ?????? ???????... ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????". ???, ?????? 9 ?????? 1979 , ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?'??, ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ???? 1979 ?? 1980 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1996 (?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????). ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????, ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ???????.

????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????

????? ???? ????-????? , ??? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ????? ????? ???? ?? 600 ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?-168 ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? , ??? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????. ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ? ????? ?? ?????? , ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? (??? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? , ??????? ? ????? ???? ). ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????.

??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????: ???? 1763 ????? ????? ?????? ?'??? ?????? (Jeffrey Amherst) ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????, ? ????? , ????????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????.

???? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ? ??? ??????? . ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? 1980, ???-????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???, ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????.

???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????.

??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? , ???? , ????? ? ?????? ??????? . ^[2] ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

??????? ???????? ?????

???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????
???? ???? , ???????? ??????: ??? ????? , ??? , 24 ??????? 1979
?????: ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?"????? ?????" , ???? ynet , 21 ??????? 2002
???? ?? ???, ???????? ?????? - ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? , ????? ????? ? ??????? , ?????? 2006
???? ???? ,?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? , ???? " ????? ", ????? 24 ?????? 2007
???? ???,?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? , ???? " ????? ", 20 ???? 2013
?"? ???? ????, ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? , ????? " ????? ??? " ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? , 14 ?????? 2017
???? ??-???, 40 ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? , ???? ???? , 4 ????? 2018
???????? ?????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???????? ?????? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ?????? ?????

^ Sixty-fourth World Health Assembly closes after passing multiple resolutions, [1] , 24.05.2011
^ CIA believes four nations have secret smallpox virus stocks, report says

?????: ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? .

[1] Sixty-fourth World Health Assembly closes after passing multiple resolutions, [1] , 24.05.2011

[2] CIA believes four nations have secret smallpox virus stocks, report says

[1]

[2]

??????? ?????? ????
? ???? , ????? ?? 370,000
? ???? , ????? ?? 370,000
????	????? ????????
????? ??????	??? ?????
????	Variola virus (vaccinia)
???????	?????? , ??????? , pimple , ??? , ???? , ??? ??? , ??? ??? , ????? , ????
?????	metisazone tecovirimat
eMedicine	article/237229
DiseasesDB	12219
MeSH	D012899
MedlinePlus	001356
???????
ICD-10	B 03
ICD-11	1E70