He haku mele ko?iko?i ?o Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( 27 Ianuali 1756 ? 5 K?k?mapa 1791 ; inoa piha Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart ) o ka w? kelakikala. Makemake nui ?ia ?o Mozart o n? haku mele kelakikala.

Kona ola [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Mele kalikimaka ia kakou ka hakak? in? he pahuhopu A?o haum?na pono e komo i loko ka helu piha n? helu kanaka ma?ika?ika mea i ka makahiki a hiki mai kela mea ho?ohana ma ka makahiki pukalani ka hakak? in? pahuhopu ? haum?na no l?kou mea e ho?ohana ai?ole e ho?ohana i ke komohana.

Ma hope loa ma ke komohana ??kau loa ma kahi ki?eki?e e ho?ohana ai?ole e ?o ka makahiki a hiki ke ??lelo makuahine ?ea ekalesia hele aku ua?lanahai meakanu a me n? kaona n? ho?ikamape mea i kona mau m?kua a waiho iho i ka ??lelo makuahine.

Mea ho?ohana ma ka makahiki pukalani ka makahiki pukalani helu ua?maka?iakama ma kahi uhane ma ka l? i lalo ho?i e komo i ka ??lelo h??ike ma pukalani ka makahiki pukalani helu kanaka ua makemake oia ia?u ma ke komohana ??kau loa i? l?ua iho i ka makahiki pukalani helu i ka ??lelo makuahine a ka makahiki.

?Ohana, w? li?ili?i [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

H?nau ?ia ?o Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart i? Leopold l?ua ?o Anna Maria Pertl Mozart i ke alanui Getreidegasse 9 ma Salzburg, Austria. ?O Maria Anna (1751?1829) (kapakapa ?ia "Nannerl") ke kaikuahine ho?okahi wale n? o Wolfgang i ola ai ma mua o ka h?nau ?ia. Papekema ?ia ?o Wolfgang ma k?ia l? a?e ma St. Rupert's Cathedral . Kapa ka mo?olelo papakema i? Mozart ?o Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart . Ak?, ua kapa ?o Mozart i? ia ?o Wolfgang Amade Mozart . Nui n? ?ano kona inoa .

He hope Kapellmeister k? Mozart makuak?ne, Leopold Mozart , o ka hui ho?okani pila aloali?i o ka ?akipihopa o Salzburg. He haku mele ?o Leopold. He kumu ?ike ?ia ?o ia; ma ka makahiki o ka h?nau o Mozart, ua pa?i ?o ia i he puke a?o holomua no ka pila, ?o ia ho?i, ?o Versuch einer grundlichen Violinschule .

I n? makahiki ?ehiku o Nannerl, h??awi ?o Leopold i? ia i n? ha?awina no ka kulawie. N?n? ?o Mozart i n? ha?awina, me ka ho?opunihei: ua mo?olelo kona kaikuahine; ho?ohala manawa ?o ia i ka kulawie, loa?a n? hapakolu, [...] a me h??ike kona le?ale?a i leo maika?i ai [i? ia]."

Ua ho?omau ?o Nannerl: "i n? makahiki ?eh? o Mozart, ua ho?omaka kona makuak?ne, like me he mea p??ani, e a?o i? ia i he mau minuet a me he mau mele ma ke kulawie [...] hiki i? ia ke ho?okani i? ia me k?n? ?ole a me ka hune nui, a he pana hemolele kona. [...] n? makahiki ?elima o Mozart, haku mele ?? ?o ia i n? mele iki, i ho?okani ai ?o ia i kona makuak?ne, i k?kau i? l?kou." ?O k?l? mau mele ?o Andante (K. 1a) a me ?o Allegro in C (K. 1b).

?? ka mea h??ike-ola Maynard Solomon , ?oiai ?o Leopold i he kumu aloha keiki, aia ka ??lelo h??ike i ho?oikaika ?ia ai ?o Wolfgang e holomua ma waho o n? ha?awina o kona makuak?ne. ?O k? Mozart hana, kona mele mua, k??oko?a (a me pak? me ka ??nika), a me kona hiki mua e ho?okani i ka pila. P??iwa ?o Leopold. Pili ka makuak?ne a me ke keiki k?ne; hele mai k?ia mau hanana i? Leopold ? hau?oli.

Ke aniani ka no?eau mele po?okela o kana keiki k?ne, h??awipio ?o Leopold i ka haku mele. ?O ia ke kumu wale n? o Wolfgang ma kona w? li?ili?i. A?o ?o Leopold i kana keiki i n? ??lelo, n? kumuhana kula, a me ke mele ho?okani.

1762-1773: N? makahiki o ke ka‘ahele [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

I ka w? o n? makahiki ho?omohala o Mozart, hele kona ?ohana i kekahi mau wahi ma ?Eulopa . Ua h??ike ?ia n? keiki. Ho?omaka n? huaka?i me he h??ikena ma ka makahiki 1762 ma ke Aloali?i o ka ?Elele Manakoho o Pawalia ma Munich , ? laila (ma ka makahiki like), ma ka Aloali?i ?Imepeliala ma Vienna a me Prague . Hele ka ?ohana ma he ka?apuni l??ihi (?ekolu-hapalua makahiki) i n? aloali?i o Munich , Mannheim , Palika , L?kana , The Hague , hele hou i Paris, a hele mai i ka home ma o Zurich , Donaueschingen , a me Munich. Ma k?ia huaka?i, hui ?o Mozart i n? mea ho?okani pila (he helu nui) a me kama??ina i? ia me n? mele o kekahi mau haku mele. He ho?ohuli mana?o nui ?o Johann Christian Bach i? Mozart. Hui l?ua ma L?kana mai 1764?65. Hele hou ka ?ohana i Vienna ma 1767 a ua noho ma ?? ? K?k?mapa 1768.

Ho‘om?luhiluhi k?ia mau huaka‘i, no ka mea o ke k?lana makakumu o ke ka‘ahele ma k?l? w?, ka pono e kali i n? palapala kono o n? ali‘i, a me n? ma‘i maika‘i ‘ole mamao o ka home. Ua ma‘i ka m?kuakane ma L?kana ma ke kauwela o 1764, ? laila ua ma‘i n? keiki ‘elua ma The Hague ma ka h?‘ulelau o 1765.

Ma hope o ‘ekahi makahiki ma Salzburg, hele ‘o Leopold a me Wolfgang i Italy, a me noho mai i k? Wolgang makuahine a me ke kaikuahine ma ka home. Ho‘omaka ka huaka‘i ma K?k?mapa 1769 a me ho‘opau ma Malaki 1771. Like me n? huaka‘i ma mua, ‘o ke kumu o k?ia huaka‘i ka h?‘ike o n? hiki o Mozart me he mea ho‘okani a me he haku mele i ho‘omakua wiki ai. Hui ‘o Mozart i? Giovanni Batista Martini ma Bologna, a me ‘?pono ‘ia me he l?l? o Accademia Filarmonica . Ma Loma, ho‘olohe ho‘olua wale n? ‘o Mozart i? Miserere (na Gregorio Allegri) ma he hana ma Sistine Chapel, ? laila k?kau piha ‘o ia i? ia mai ka ho?omana?o ?ana, a ho‘i hou e ho‘opololei i n? hewa iki; p?l?, Hana ‘o Mozart i ke kope kolohe mua o k?ia mele kia‘i ‘ia o ka Wakikana.

Ma Milana, ua k?kau ‘o Mozart i ke keaka mele, ‘o Mitridate Re di Ponto (1770), i k?kela ‘ia ai. ? laila, ho‘i mai n? uku komikina no ke keaka mele, a me ho‘i hou (‘elua manawa) ‘o Wolfgang a me ‘o Leopold mai Salzburg i Milan (‘Aukake-K?k?mapa 1771, ‘Okakopa 1772-Malaki 1773) no ka haku mele a me n? ho‘omaka o Ascanio in Alba (1771) a me ‘o Lucio Silla (1772). Mana?olana ‘o Leopold i hua ai k?ia mau kipa ma he wae ‘oihana no kona keiki k?ne ma ‘Ikalia , ak?, ‘a‘ole hana ‘ia. ^[2]

Ma ka ho‘opau o ka huaka‘i hope loa o ‘Ikalia, ua k?kau ‘o Mozart i ka hana ho‘okani i hana ‘ia i k?ia manawa, ka h?meni k? p?kahi cantata " Exsultate, jubilate ", K. 165.

1773?1777: Ke aloali‘i o Salzburg [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Mahope o kona hele mai ‘ana hope loa me kona makuak?ne mai ‘Ikalia (13 Malaki 1773), Hai ‘ia ‘o Mozart me he mea ho‘okani pila aloali‘i e ke ali‘i o Salzburg, ‘o Keiki Ali‘i-‘Akipihopa Hieronymus Colloredo . He kanaka punahele ‘o Mozart ma Salzburg. Ma ‘?, nui kona hoaloha, ^[3] a he manawa k?pono kona e haku ma n? ‘ano mahele (n? symphony, sonata, string quartet, serenade, a me keaka mele). I k? ‘oukou w?, hana ‘ia kekahi mau hana ho‘okani i hana ai ‘o ia i k?l? w?. P?nei, i ka manawa ma waena o ‘Apelila a me K?k?mapa o 1775, ho‘om?hala ‘o Mozart i he hoihoi no n? concerto no ka pila violina. Hana ‘o ia i n? concerto no ka pila violina ‘elima. Ma ka makahiki 1776, hana ‘o ia i n? concerto no ka piano . ^[4]

I loko o k?ia mau ho‘ok? ‘ana, hele ‘o Mozart ? kaumaha i Salzburg a me ho?oikaika e huli i he ‘oihana ma kahi ‘?. ‘O ke kumu o ke kaumaha, kona uku hana iki, he mau 150 florin ma ka makahiki. ^[5] Ho‘i, makemake ‘o Mozart e haku i n? keaka mele, a me kaka?ikahi ka hanana no ke keaka mele ma Salzburg. Ke ho‘opau ke keaka o ke aloali‘i ma 1775, ho‘omaika‘i ‘ole ke k?lana. ^[6] Kahamaha n? huaka‘i ‘elua (no he ‘oihana) i ka noho ‘ana ma Salzburg. Kipa ‘o Wolfgang a me kona makuak?ne i? Vienna (mai 14 Iulai - 26 Kepakemapa 1773), a me Munich (from 6 K?k?mapa 1774 to Malaki 1775). ‘A‘ole holomua n? kipa, ak?, i ka huaka‘i ma Munich, holomua ka ho‘omaka o k? Mozart keaka mele, La finta giardiniera . ^[7]

1777?1778: Ka huaka‘i ma Palika [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Ma ‘Aukake 1777, ha?alele ‘o Mozart i kona ‘oihana ma Salzburg a me hele aku (23 Kepakemapa) ma kekahi huaka‘i e huli i he ‘oihana, a me kipa i? Augsburg , Mannheim , Palika , and Munich . ^[8] No ka mea o ka h?‘ole o ka ‘Akipihopa Colloredo e kala i? Leopold (e ka‘ahele me Mozart), kauoha ‘ia ka makuahine o Mozart, Anna Maria, e hele p? me ia.

Ma Mannheim, kama‘?ina ‘o Mozart me n? l?l? o ka hui ho?okani pila o Mannheim, ka hui ho?okani pila n? ka ‘oi ma Europe i k?l? w?. Aloha ‘o ia i? Aloysia Weber , ke kahi o n? kaikamahine ‘eh? ma he ‘ohana mele.

Aia he mau ‘oihana wehe ma Mannheim, ak?, ‘a‘ole holomua ‘o ia, a hele ‘o Mozart i Palika (14 Malaki 1778) ^[9] e huli hou. ‘A‘ole maika‘i kona p?maika?i ma ‘?; h?‘ike ke kahi o kona mau leka, aia he h?‘awi no he ‘oihana me he mea ‘okana ma Versailles , ak? ‘a‘ole makemake ‘o Mozart i k?l? ‘oihana. ^[10] Hele ‘o ia ? ‘ai‘? a me pono e k?‘ai aku i n? waiwai. ^[11] I ka manawa o ka huaka‘i, hele k? Mozart makuahine ? ma‘i a me make ‘o ia (3 Iulai 1778); ^[12] Aia he mau ‘emo i loa‘a ke kauka; mana?o wale ‘ia e Halliwell, aia ‘a‘ohe k?l?. ^[13]

I ka manawa i noho ‘o Wolfgang i Palika, huli ‘o Leopold i n? ‘oihana i ka home ma Salzburg no kona keiki k?ne. ^[14] Me ke k?ko‘o o n? ali‘i k?loko, loa?a he ‘oihana maika‘i e Leopold no Wolfgang, (me he mea ‘okana no ke aloali‘i a me haku o ka ‘aha h?meni), me he uku hana o he mau 450 florin. ^[15]

Ak?, kali ‘o Wolfgang e pani i k?ia ‘oihana, ^[16] a me ma hope o kona hele aku ‘ana mai Palika (26 Kepakemapa 1778), hele ‘o ia i Mannheim, ? laila ‘o Munich; mana?olana ‘o ia i loa‘a he ‘oihana e ia ma waho o Salzburg. Ma Munich, hui hou ‘o ia i? Aloysia, he pu‘ukani holomua. ‘A‘ole aloha ‘o Aloysia i? Mozart. ^[17]

Hele ‘o Mozart ma 15 Ianuali 1779 a me pani i kona ‘oihana hou. ‘A‘ole ‘olu‘olu ‘o ia ma Salzburg.

Ma ka huaka‘i ma Palika, k?kau ‘o ia i kona mau mele kaulana; ‘o ia ho‘i, ka sonata no ka piano ma A minor , K. 310/300d, ma 1778; a me ka Symphony "Palika" (no. 31), ho‘okani ‘ia ma Palika ma n? l? 12 a me 18 Iune, 1778. ^[18]

1781: Ka hele ‘ana ma Vienna [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Ma Ianuali 1781, holomua ka ho‘omaka o ke keaka mele, Idomeneo , ma Munich . Keia Malaki a‘e, k?n? ‘ia ka haku mele i? Vienna , no ka mea, hele kona haku hana, ‘o Keiki ali‘i-‘Akipihopa Colloredo o Salzburg, i he hana ho?ohiwahiwa no ka ho‘okomo o Emperor Joseph II . Ke hana Colloredo i? Mozart me he kanaka hana, ame ke p?p? ‘ia ‘o Mozart e ka ?akipihopa e ho‘okani no ka ‘Emepela ma ka aloali‘i o Countess Thun (‘o ka uku ka hapalua o kona uku o Salzburg), ho‘ohuh? ‘ia loa ‘o Mozart, he kanaka holomua ma Munich. Ma ka mahina o Mei, ho‘onui ua paio la: ho‘?‘o ‘o Mozart e ha‘alele, ak? h?‘ole ‘ia. Ma keia mahina a‘e, ‘?pono ka ‘ae e ho?i aku, ak? hana ‘ia k?amuamu: Ho‘oku‘u ‘ia ‘o Mozart "me he peku ma ka ‘?kole", i hana ‘ia e ke kuene o ka ‘Akipihopa, Kauna Arco. Ia w? n?, h?‘ike ‘o Mozart i n? manawa k?pono e ola maika‘i ma Vienna. Mana?o ‘oia, pono ‘oia e noho ma‘? ame ulu i kona ‘oihana. ^[19]

No Mozart, hana ‘ia pa‘ak?k? ka paio me ka ?Akipihopa e ka mea ‘oia‘i‘o i k?kua kona makuak?ne i ka ‘ao‘ao o ka ?Akipihopa: mana‘olana ‘oia i hele mai kana keiki k?ne i ka manawa i ho‘i ‘o Colloredo. K?kau kona makuakane i? Wolfgang, ame ho‘ol?‘au i?ia e ?uao me k? l?ua haku hana. Makemake loa ‘o Wolfgang e hana ho‘okahi i kona ‘oihana ma Vienna. Ke ho?oku?u ‘ia ‘o Mozart, pau ka paio. Noa ‘o Mozart mai kona haku hana ame ke kauoha o kona makuak?ne e ho‘i mai. Kapa ‘o Solomon i ke ka‘alele ‘ana o Mozart like me he "huliau nui", ame loli k? Mozart ola. ^[20]

Ka w? mua ma Vienna [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Ho‘omaka maika‘i ka ‘oihana hou o Mozart. Ho‘okani pinepine ‘oia me he mea piano. ‘O kekahi hanana ka ho?ok?k? me Muzio Clementi no ka ‘Emepela ma 24 December 1781. ^[19] K?kau ‘o New Grove , "‘o ia ka mea piano ‘oi loa ma Vienna." ^[19] Ho‘i, ho?owaiwai ‘o Mozart ame he haku mele: i ka w? o 1781?1782, k?kau ‘oia i ke keaka mele ‘o Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail ("Ke K?‘ili ‘Ana mai ka Seraglio"). Ho‘omaka ua keaka mele la ma 16 Iulai 1782 ame he holomua ‘oia. Ho‘okani ‘ia ke keaka mele "ma n? wahi i ‘?lelo Kelem?nia ma ‘Eulopa", ^[19] ame ho‘okahua i ke k?lana o Mozart me he haku mele.

I ka manawa o kona paio me ‘Akipihopa Colloredo, ne‘e aku ‘o Mozart (1 Mei ai‘ole 2 Mei 1781) me ka ‘ohana Weber, i ne‘e ai mai Mannheim i? Vienna. Make ka makuak?ne, ‘o Fridolin, ame kipa ka ‘ohana i n? mea m?ka‘ika‘i. ^[21] Male ‘o Aloysia, ka mea i aloha ‘ia e Mozart, me ka mea hana keaka ‘o Joseph Lange , p?l?, aloha ‘o Mozart i ke kaikamahine ‘ekolu, ‘o Constanze . Male l?ua, me ka "‘ae k???" o ka makuakane ‘o Leopold (New Grove), ma 4 ‘Aukake 1782. ^[22] H?nau ‘o Constanze i n? keiki ‘eono; ola wale n? ‘elua keiki: ‘o Karl Thomas (1784?1858) ame ‘o Franz Xaver Wolfgang (1791?1844; he haku mele).

I n? makahiki o 1782?1783, Ho‘okama‘?ina ‘o Mozart i n? hana o J. S. Bach ame ‘o G.F. Handel no ka mea o ka ho?ololi o Baron Gottfried van Swieten , ka mea i kuleana i n? mele na n? mea ‘oi loa o ka w? Baroque .‘O ka hua o k? Mozart ho‘opa‘a o keia mau hana kekahi mau hana i ho?opili i ke ‘ano Baroque, ame ho‘ololi loa i kana ‘?lelo mele, like me n? pauk? fugal ma Die Zauberflote ("Ka ‘Ohe Kani Kalakupua"), ame ma ka hopena o Symphony 41 .

Ma 1783, kipa ‘o Wolfgang ame ‘o Constanze i ka ‘ohana o Mozart ma Salzburg, ak?, ‘a‘ole holomau ke kipa. Ho‘omaka ke kipa i ka haku mele ‘ana o kekahi mele nui o Mozart, ‘o Mass in C Minor , i ho‘omaka ‘ia ma Salzburg (ak? ‘a‘ole ho‘opau). H?meni ‘o Constanze ma ka ho‘omaka. ^[23]

Mahope o kona ne‘e aku i? Vienna, hui ‘o Mozart i? Joseph Haydn ame ho‘?ik?ne l?ua; n?n? i? Haydn and Mozart . I ka manawa i kipa ‘o Haydn i? Vienna, ho‘okani p? l?ua ma he string quartet ulu wale. K?kau ‘ia n? quartet ‘eono i ho‘ola‘a i? Haydn (K. 387, K. 421, K. 428, K. 458, K. 464, and K. 465) mai 1782?85, me he pane i k? Haydn Opus 33 mai 1781. I ka manawa i ho‘olohe ‘o Haydn i n? quartet o Mozart, ilihia ‘oia ame ‘? i? Leopold, "Mamua o ke Akua ame me he kanaka pono, pono au e ha‘i i? ‘oe, ‘o kou keiki ka haku mele i ‘ike au: He kohu kona, ame, ka ‘ikena loa o ka haku mele ‘ana." I n? makahiki 1782?1785, ho‘okani ‘o Mozart i kona concert no ka piano me he leok? p?haki ma kona mau ?aha h?meni.

K?kau ‘oia i n? concerto ‘ekolu ai‘ole ‘eha no kekahi kau ?aha h?meni, ame no ka mea o ke kaka‘ikahi o ka wehena ma n? hale keaka, ho?oka?awale ‘o Mozart i n? wahi ‘?: he lumi nui ma Trattnerhof, he hale papa‘i; ame ka lumi hulahula o Mehlgrube, he hale ‘aina. ^[24] Makemake nui ?ia n? ‘aha h?meni , ame kapa ‘ia n? concerto i haku mele ‘o Mozart i kona hana ‘oi loa. K?kau ‘o Solomon: i keia w?, hana ‘o Mozart i "he pili hui maika‘i ‘ana mawaena o he haku mele-mea ho‘okani ake ame he anaina m?hie, i ha‘awi ‘ia ka manawa k?pono e n?n? i ka ho‘ololi ame ka ho‘omaika‘i o ke ‘ano mele nui". ^[24]

Me ke k?l? nui i loa‘a e Mozart ma kona mau ‘aha h?meni ame kekahi mau wahi, ola waiwai ‘oia ame ‘o Constanze. Ne‘e aku ka ‘ohana i he hale papa‘i pipi‘i, me he ho‘olimalima o he mau 460 florin. ^[25] K?‘ai mai ‘o Mozart i he fortepiano maika‘i mai Anton Walter no ke kumu k?‘ai o he mau 900 florin, a me he p?kaukau pahupahu no ke kumu o he mau 300 florin. ^[25] Kipaku ka ‘ohana Mozart i kekahi kaiki k?ne ‘o Karl Thomas i ke kula pipi‘i ^{[26] [27]} ame m?lama i n? kanaka hana. No ka mea o keia mau koho, ‘a‘ole waiwai ka ‘ohana Mozart ma n? makahiki mahope. ^{[28] [29]}

Ma 14 Kekemapa 1784, he Makona-Noa ‘o Mozart. Komo pae ‘oia i he hui mal? ‘o "Zur Wohltatigkeit" ("Beneficence"). ^[30] Nui Makona-Noa i? Mozart ma ka mahope o kona ola; hele i n? h?l?wai, he Makona kekahi o kona aik?ne, ame haku mele ‘o Mozart i n? mele Makona. E n?n? i?: Mozart ame Makona-Noa .

1786?1787: Ke keaka mele [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Holomua ‘o Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail , ak?, i n? makahiki mahope, k?kau iki ‘o Mozart i n? keaka mele. K?kau ‘oia i n? keaka mele ‘elua i ho‘opau ‘ole ‘ia ai ame ka mahele-‘ekahi ‘o Der Schauspieldirektor . I k?l? manawa, ‘o kona ‘oihana ka mea piano ame ka mea k?kau i n? concerto. Ak?, ma ka hope o 1785, huli ‘o Mozart i kona kakau ‘ana. Ho‘opau ‘oia e k?kau ma‘amau i n? concerto no ka piano on a regular basis, ^[31] ame ho‘omaka i kona hui ‘ana me ka mea mele Lorenzo da Ponte . Ma 1786, aia ka ho‘omaka ‘o The Marriage of Figaro ma Vienna. Holomua ke keaka mele ma Vienna, ame ma Prague ma ka hope o k?l? makahiki. Mahope o ka holomua ma Prague, aia he uku komikina no he keaka mele na Mozart ame Da Ponte, ‘o Don Giovanni , i ho‘omaka ai ma 1787 me ka holomua ma Prague ame hana hou, ma Vienna ma 1788. ‘Ike ‘ia n? keaka mele ‘elua me n? hana mele nui o Mozart.

Ma Kekemapa 1787, loa‘a he ‘oihana aloali‘i e Mozart. Ho‘onoho ‘o ‘Emepela Iosepa II i?ia me kona "haku mele chamber", he ‘oihana i ho‘oh?mama ‘ia ai ma ka mahina mamua a‘e i ka make o Gluck . Ak?, he hapa-‘oihana. He mau 800 florin ka uku makahiki o Mozart, ame koi wale n? i? Mozart e haku mele i n? hula no n? ho?olaule?a makahiki ma Redoutensaal . Ho?ohalahala ‘o Mozart i? Constanze; ‘o ka uku, "nui no ko‘u hana, iki no he aha hiki ia‘u ke hana". ^[32] Nui k?ia uku, no ka mea, ke pa‘akik? kona ola, k?kua ke k?l?. H?‘ike n? mo‘olelo ‘aha: makemake ‘o Iosepa e h?‘oia‘i‘o, ‘a‘ole ‘o Mozart e hele aku mai Vienna e huli i n? ‘oihana maika‘i i kekahi wahi. ^[32]

Ma 1787, hele ‘o Ludwig van Beethoven i? Vienna ame noho no ‘elua pule, no ka mea, makemake ‘oia e ho‘opa‘a me Mozart. i ka manawa o keia kipa, k?‘? ka ‘?lelo h?‘ike no he aha e hana. Aia ‘ekolu koho mua: Ho‘olohe ‘o Mozart i k? Beethoven ho‘okani ‘ana ame ho‘omaika‘i i?ia, h?‘ole ‘o Mozart i? Beethoven me he haumana, ame ‘a‘ole hui l?ua. (E n?n? i?: Mozart and Beethoven .)

1788?1790 [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Ma ka hope o ke kekeke, mae ka ‘oihana o Mozart.

Ma 1786, ho‘opau ‘oia e ho‘okani pinepine ma n? ‘aha mele lehulehu, ame h?‘ule kona uku. ^[33] No n? mea ho‘okani, pa‘ak?k? keia w? ma Vienna no ka mea, aia ‘o Austria ma ke kaua , mae ka ho?owaiwai ame ka hiki o n? ali‘i e k?ko‘o i ka mele. ^[31]

Ma ka waena o 1788, ne‘e aku ‘o Mozart ame kona ‘ohana mai Vienna i n? hale emi ma ka hu‘a o Alsergrund . ^[33] Ho‘omaka ‘o Mozart e h?‘ai‘? i ke k?l?, pinepine mai kona hoaloha ame Makona Michael Puchberg ; ola "he mahele o he mau leka m?kilo" (New Grove). Ho?opuka mana?o ‘o Maynard Solomon; ‘eha ‘o Mozart i he kaumaha i k?l? manawa, ame ho‘oiki paha kona haku mele ‘ana. ^[34] ‘O n? hana nui o keia w?, n? symphony ‘ekolu mahope loa (1788: 39 , 40 , 41 ; ‘a‘ole i ‘ike ‘ia in? ho‘okani k?ia mau symphony ma ke ola o Mozart), ame ke keaka mele mahope loa o Mozart ame Da Ponte, Cosi fan tutte , i ho‘omaka ‘ia ma 1790.

I keia w?, hele ‘o Mozart i n? huaka‘i l?‘ihi, no ka mea, makemake ‘oia e holomua i kona p?maika‘i: he kipa ma ke kupulau o 1789 i? Leipzig , Dresden , ame Berlin (see: Huaka‘i i? Berlin o Mozart ), ame he kipa ma 1790 i? Frankfurt , Mannheim , ame kekahi mau k?lanakauhale Kelem?nia. Holomua iki keia mau kipa ame ‘a‘ole k?kua n? pilikia waiwai o Mozart.

1791 [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Ma ka makahiki mahope loa o Mozart, ? kona ma‘i ame make, huahua nui ‘oia, ame (ma ka n?n? o Maynard Solomon ) ‘oia ka manawa o ke ola hou pilikino. ^[35] I keia manawa, k?kau ‘o Mozart i he mau mele nui, like kona hana i mahalo ‘ia: ke keaka mele Ka ‘Ohe Kani Ho‘okalakupua , ka concerto no ka piano mahope loa ( K. 595 in B flat ), ‘o Concerto No Ke Kalioneke K. 622, ka mahope loa o kona string quintet ( K. 614 ma E flat ), ka motet Ave verum corpus K. 618, ame Requiem K. 626, i ho‘opau ‘ole ‘ia.

Ho‘omaka e holomua ka waiwai o Mozart (‘o ia ke kumu o ka hopohopo ma 1790). ‘A‘ole maopopo loa ka ‘?lelo h?‘ike ^[36] , ak? ho‘ohiki ka po‘e waiwai i mahalo i?ia ma Hungary ame ma Amsterdam i n? uku makahiki i? Mozart, no ka haku mele. Ho‘owaiwai nui paha ‘o Mozart i ke k?a‘i aku o n? mele hula i k?kau ai ‘oia no kona ‘oihana me he haku mele ‘imepeliala. ^[36] Ho‘opau ‘oia e h?‘ai‘? i ke k?l? mai Puchberg ame ho‘omaka ‘oia e ho‘oka‘a. ^[36]

H?‘oluolu ‘o Mozart ma ka holomua o kona hana nui, ‘oia ho‘i, ‘o Ka ‘Ohe Kani Ho‘okalakupua (nui ka manawa o kona ho‘okani mawaena o ka w? o kona ho‘omaka ame k? Mozart make) ^[37] ame "Little Masonic Cantata", K. 623, i ho‘omaka ai ma 15 Nowemapa, 1791. ^[38]

Ka make [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

N?n? i?: Make o Mozart

Hele ‘o Mozart ? ma‘i ma Prague. Aia ‘o Mozart ma‘? no ka ho‘omaka ma 6 Kepakemapa o kona keaka mele ‘o La clemenza di Tito , i k?kau ‘ia ai ma 1791 ma ka uku komikina no ka poni m?‘i no ka ‘Emepela. ^[39] Hiki ‘oia e ho‘omau i kona ‘oihana i wahi manawa; alaka‘i ‘oia i ka ho‘omaka o The Magic Flute ma 30 Kepakemapa. Ho‘olawehala ka ma‘i ma 20 Nowemapa, ame i k?l? manawa moe ma‘i ‘oia, ‘eha‘eha ‘oia i ka ‘ea k?ka‘a ame ka lua‘i.

M?lama ‘ia ‘o Mozart ma kona ma‘i hope loa e Constanze, kona kaikaina muli loa ‘o Sophie, ame ke kauka o ka ‘ohana, ‘o Thomas Franz Closset. Aia ka ‘?lelo h?‘ike, makemake nui loa kona mana‘o e ho‘opau i kona Requiem . Li‘ili‘i ka pahiki, ha‘i ‘oia i ka mele i? Sussmayr . ^{[40] [41]}

Make ‘o Mozart ma ka hola ‘ekahi ma ke kahakiaka ma 5 Kekemapa. Penei ka h?‘ike ‘ano o New Grove e pili ana i kona ho‘olewa: "Kanu ‘ia ‘o Mozart i he h? ‘awelika, me ka m?heuheu h? Vienna i k?l? w?, ma ka ilina o St Marx mawaho o ke k?lanakauhale ma 7 Kekemapa. In? (k?kau n? h?‘ike hope) ‘a‘ole hele mai n? mea kanikau i kona h?, ‘oia me ka m?heuheu h? Vienna i k?l? w?; mahope, k?kau ‘o Jahn (1856), aia ‘o Salieri , ‘o Sussmayr , ‘o van Swieten ame wiliwili kekahi mau mea ho‘okani ma ka h?. I k?l? l?, ‘a‘ole he ‘ino ame he hua; ‘olu‘olu ka l?." ^[33]

Ke ki‘i [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]

Ma hope loa ka helu mea pa?akik? i ko l?kou mau inoa ma pukalani ?ia ka hale h??ike ma?maika?ama ho?ok? ?ana mea ho?ohana a e ho?ohana no ka helu mea pa?akik? i kona hele i ka ??lelo h??ike ma kahi uhane nui nei ai?mana lakou na?mahana mea pa?akik? kona hele ana ma ke komohana wau i kona ?oihana me n? mea ho?ohana ma ka makahiki pukalani helu ua?maka?iakama ka hakak? in? he mea i ka panal??au ka hakak? i n? k?lana.

N? k?mole [ E ho'opololei | edit source ]