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Green
shine
launi
(kore) tsakanin cyan da rawaya akan bakan da ake iya gani. Haske ne ke fitar da shi wanda ke da babban tsayin daka na kusan 495?570 nm. A cikin tsarin launi masu rarrafe, ana amfani da su a cikin zane-zane da bugu na launi, an halicce shi ta hanyar haduwa da rawaya da cyan; a cikin samfurin launi na RGB, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a kan talabijin da allon kwamfuta, yana daya daga cikin additives na farko launuka, tare da ja da blue, wadanda aka ha?e a cikin haduwa daban-daban don kirkirar duk sauran launuka. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi girma mai ba da gudummawa ga kore a yanayi shine chlorophyll, sinadaran da tsire-tsire ke yin photosynthesis ta hanyar canza hasken rana zuwa makamashin sinadarai. Halittu da yawa sun saba da yanayin korensu ta hanyar daukar koren launi da kansu a matsayin kamanni . Ma'adanai da yawa suna da launin kore, ciki har da emerald, wanda yake launin kore ta hanyar abun ciki na chromium .
A zamanin Turai na zamani da na zamani, kore shine launi da ake dangantawa da dukiya, 'yan kasuwa, masu banki, da dan kasa, yayin da aka kebe ja don masu sarauta. Don haka, kayan ado na
Mona Lisa
na
Leonardo da Vinci
da kuma benci a cikin House of Commons na Burtaniya suna da kore yayin da wadanda ke cikin House of Lords suke ja.
Hakanan yana da dogon al'adar tarihi azaman launi na Ireland da al'adun Gaelic . Ita ce kalar
Musulunci
mai tarihi, tana wakiltar ciyawar
Aljanna
. Kalar tutar
Muhammadu
ce, kuma tana cikin tutocin kusan dukkan kasashen Musulunci.
A binciken da aka yi a kasashen
Amurka
da Turai da
Musulunci
, launin kore shi ne launin da aka fi dangantawa da yanayi, rayuwa,
lafiya
, matasa, bazara, bege, da hassada .
A cikin
Tarayyar Turai
da
Amurka
, kore kuma wani lokaci ana danganta shi da guba da rashin lafiya,
amma a cikin Sin da yawancin Asiya, gungiyoyi suna da kyau sosai, a matsayin alamar haihuwa da farin ciki.
Saboda ha?in kai da yanayi, shine launi na
motsi na muhalli
. Kungiyoyin siyasa masu fafutukar kare muhalli da tabbatar da adalci a cikin al'umma sun bayyana kansu a matsayin wani bangare na Green Movement, wasu na kiran kansu jam'iyyun Green . Wannan ya haifar da irin wannan kamfen a cikin talla, kamar yadda kamfanoni suka siyar da samfuran kore, ko abokantaka na muhalli . Green kuma shine launi na gargajiya na aminci da izini; Hasken kore yana nufin ci gaba, katin koren yana ba da izinin zama na dindindin a Amurka.
Kalmar
kore
tana da tushen Jamus iri ?aya da kalmomin
ciyawa
da
girma
Kalmar
kore
ta fito ne daga kalmar Ingilishi ta Tsakiya da Tsohon Turanci
Grene
, wanda, kamar kalmar
Jamusanci
grun
, yana da tushe iri daya da kalmomin
ciyawa
da
girma
.
[2]
Ya fito ne daga Common Germanic
* Gronja
-
, wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin Old Norse
grænn
, Tsohon Babban Jamus
gruoni
(amma ba a tabbatar da shi a Gabashin Jamus ba), daga karshe daga tushen PIE
* ghre-
"don girma", da tushen-cognate tare da
ciyawa
. da
girma
. Amfani da kalmar farko da aka yi rikodi a matsayin kalmar launi a cikin Tsohon Turanci kwanakin zuwa ca. AD 700.
[3]
Har ila yau,
Latin
tare da
viridis
yana da ainihin kalmar da ake amfani da ita don "kore". Mai alaqa da
virere
"don girma" da kuma "
bazara
", ya haifar da kalmomi a cikin yarukan Romance da yawa,
fassarar
Faransanci,
verde
na Italiyanci (da Turanci
vert
,
verdure
da dai sauransu. ). Hakanan yaren Slavic tare da
zelenъ
. Tsohon Girkanci kuma yana da kalma don rawaya, ko?a??en kore -
χλωρ??
,
chloros
(cf. launi na chlorine), cognate tare da χλοερ?? "verdant" da χλ?η " chloe, koren sabon girma".
Don haka, harsunan da aka ambata a sama (Jamus, Romance, Slavic, Greek) suna da tsoffin kalmomi na "kore" wadanda aka samo daga kalmomi don sabo, tsire-tsire masu tsiro. Duk da haka, kwatancen harshe ya bayyana a sarari cewa wadannan sharudan an kirkira su ne da kansu, cikin dan shekarun da suka wuce, kuma babu wata ma'anar Proto-Indo-Turai ko kalmar "kore". Alal misali, Slavic
zelenъ
yana hade da
Sanskrit
hari
"rawaya, ocher, zinariya". Har ila yau , Harsunan Turkic suna da
ja??l
"kore" ko "koren rawaya", idan aka kwatanta da kalmar Mongolian don " makiyaya".
Ra'ayin "kore" a cikin harsunan Turai na zamani ya dace da kusan 520 – 570 nm, amma yawancin harsunan tarihi da wadanda ba na Turai ba suna yin wasu zabubbuka, misali ta amfani da kalma don kewayon ca. – nm ("blue/kore") da wani don ca. – nm ("kore/rawaya").
A wasu harsuna, ciki har da tsohon
Sinanci
, Thai, tsohon
Jafananci
, da Vietnamese, kalma daya na iya nufin ko dai shudi ko kore.
[4]
Halin Sinanci
?
(lafazin
q?ng
a cikin Mandarin,
ao
a cikin Jafananci, da
Thanh
a cikin Sino-Vietnamese ) yana da ma'anar da ke rufe duka shudi da kore; blue da kore a al'adance ana daukar inuwar "
?
". A cikin karin sharuddan zamani, sune
藍
(
lan
, a cikin Mandarin) da
綠
(
l?
, a cikin Mandarin) bi da bi. Har ila yau, Jafananci yana da kalmomi guda biyu wadanda ke nufin musamman ga launin kore,
?
(
midori
, wanda ya samo asali ne daga kalmar fi'ili na Jafananci
midoru
"zama cikin leaf, don bunkasa" dangane da bishiyoyi) da グリ?ン (
guriin
, wanda aka samo daga kalmar Ingilishi "kore"). Duk da haka, a Japan, ko da yake fitilu na zirga-zirga suna da launi iri daya kamar sauran kasashe, an kwatanta hasken kore ta amfani da kalma daya kamar blue,
aoi
, saboda ana daukar kore a matsayin inuwa na aoi; Hakazalika, koren bambance-bambancen wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari irin su koren apples, koren
shiso
(sai dai jajayen tuffa da ja shiso) za a siffanta su da kalmar
aoi
. Vietnamese yana amfani da kalma daya don duka shudi da kore,
xanh
, tare da bambance-bambancen kamar
xanh da tr?i
(azure, lit. "sky blue"),
lam
(blue), da
l?c
(kore; kuma
xanh la cay
, lit. "leaf kore").
"Green" a cikin harsunan Turai na zamani yayi daidai da kusan 520-570 nm, amma yawancin harsunan tarihi da wadanda ba na Turai ba suna yin wasu zabubbuka, misali ta amfani da kalma don kewayon ca. 450-530 nm ("blue/kore") da wani don ca. 530-590 nm ("kore/rawaya").
[
ana bu?atar hujja
]
</link>A kalmomi masu launi a cikin harsunan duniya, ana samun kore ne kawai a matsayin nau'i daban a cikin harsunan da ke da cikakkiyar kewayon launuka shida (fari, baki, ja, kore, rawaya, da shudi), ko da wuya a cikin tsarin da launuka biyar (fari, ja, rawaya, kore, da baki/blue). Wadannan harsunan sun gabatar da karin kamus don nuna "kore", amma wadannan sharuddan ana iya gane su a matsayin tallafi na baya-bayan nan wadanda ba su cikin ka'idodin launi na asali (kamar
ma'anar
sifa ta Ingilishi kasancewar asalin ba kalmar launi bane amma sunan 'ya'yan itace). Don haka, kalmar Thai ?????
khe?yw
, baya ga ma'anar "kore", kuma tana nufin "daraja" da "mai kamshi" kuma tana rike da wasu gungiyoyi marasa dadi.
A cikin Jafananci na zamani, kalmar kore shine?, yayin da tsohuwar kalmar "blue/kore", blue yanzu tana nufin "blue". Amma a wasu mahallin, kore har yanzu ana kiransa ?, kamar yadda yake cikin blue shudi da blue shudi , yana nuna rashin bambancin launin shudi-kore a cikin tsohuwar Jafananci (mafi daidai, da
Kalmomin launi na Jafananci na gargajiya
sun hada wasu
tabarau na kore
tare da shudi, wasu kuma tare da sautunan rawaya).
Koren murabba'i mai duhu
Ma'anar sRGB na bakan haske na bayyane
|
Launi
|
Yawanci
</br> ( THZ )
|
Tsawon tsayi
</br> ( nm )
|
|
668-789
|
380-450
|
|
610-668
|
450-490
|
|
575-610
|
490-520
|
|
526-575
|
520-570
|
|
508-526
|
570-590
|
|
484-508
|
590-620
|
|
400-484
|
620-770
|
A cikin na'urorin gani, tsinkayen kore yana haifar da haske wanda ke da nau'ikan bakan da makamashi ke mamaye da tsayin daka na kusan 495-570 nm ku . Hankalin idon dan adam mai duhu ya fi girma a kusan 507 nm, launin shudi-kore, yayin da idon da ya dace da haske ya fi dacewa da 555 nm, rawaya-kore; wadannan su ne kololuwar wurare na sanda da mazugi (scotopic da hoto, bi da bi) ayyukan haske .
Hankalin kore (wanda ke adawa da jajayen da ke samar da dayan hanyoyin adawa a cikin hangen nesa na dan adam) yana haifar da haske wanda ke haifar da kwayoyin mazugi na
M
mazugi a cikin ido fiye da
L
cones mai tsayi mai tsayi. Haske wanda ke haifar da wannan amsa kore fiye da launin rawaya ko shudi na sauran tsarin abokin adawar launi ana kiransa kore. Tushen hasken koren yawanci yana da rarraba wutar lantarki da makamashi ke mamaye shi tare da tsayin daka na kusan 487-570 nm.
[lower-alpha 1]
- ↑
Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language
, The World Publishing Company, New York, 1964.
- ↑
Maerz and Paul (1930).
A Dictionary of Color
New York: McGraw-Hill p. 196
- ↑
Paul Kay and Luisa Maffi, "Color Appearance and the Emergence and Evolution of Basic Color Lexicons",
American Anthropologist
, March 1999
- ↑
Kelly, Kenneth L. (1943). "Color designations for lights".
Journal of the Optical Society of America
.
33
(11): 627?32.
doi
:
10.1364/josa.33.000627
.
Samfuri:Color topics
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