??, ????-?? [?. 12 ????? 1924, ??????; ?. 17 ????? 1988, ???????, ????? (?????????)] : ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???. ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????. 1943??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???, ???? ?????????? (1939?1945) ??????? ????? (??? ????????), ????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ???. 1947??? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????. 1963?64??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????. 1965?? ?????????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???. ????? ??? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???.

??????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 1976??? ????-?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? 1977??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ?????. ????????? 1978??? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? 1979??? ???? ???. ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? 1980??? ?????-?-???? (Majlis-a-Shoora) ???? ???, ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???. ? ? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????. 1979??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????, 1980??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ????-?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? 1983??? ???? ????? ???? ???.

????-?? ??

??????? ????????? 1985??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???. ?????? ??????? ????? 1988??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????; ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????.

??????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????(????? ??????????)?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???; ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???. ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? 1988??? ??????????? ?????????.

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