???????????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ???. ????? ???? ?? ???? ? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??. (April 2010)

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????????????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??. ‘??????????’ ???? ? ??????? (franc) ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????-??????? ??????????? ??, ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? (??????) ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??. ^{[?] [?]}

??????????? ????, ?????????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ‘???? ???????’ ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??. ????????????? ????? ? ? ????????????? ????? ??. ??????????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??.

??????, ? ??????? ? ???? ??, ??????, ??? ??? ??? (2007) ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ‘??????????’ ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? (??? ????, ????????) ?????? ?????? ??, ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??.

????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???, ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? (?????????? ??????????) ???? ???? ??? ??.

????????? ?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??:

• ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
• ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??.

???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????, ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??.

?? ??? ???? ??, ^{[ ???? ??????? ]} ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????, ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????????. ???? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??. ????-$80,000 ?? ?????, ??? ????, ??? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??. ^[?] ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ??? ??. ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??.

?????? ????-???? 2004 ???? ?????? ??????????? ????-???????????? (???? ????????) ???? ????? ?????????????? 2010 ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??. ^[?] ???????????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????????, ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? 1930 ?? ???? ????? ????? ??, ???? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ??. ????????????? ? 70 ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??, ?? ??????? (2001?? ??????) ???? ???????? 1 ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??. ^{[ ?????? ??? ]} ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????, 2001 ??? ???????? ?????????? 767,483 ????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??: ^[?]

1. ???? (???????? ??? ????

| ????? ???? $84,300 ? $258,300 (2004 ??? ???????? 22000 ????????).

2. ????????????

|2010 ??? ????? ???? , $995,900 ? $1,842,700 (2004 ??? 30,300 ???????? )

3. 7-????? ????. (?????? ???????)

|2010 ??? ????? ???? $40,500- 775,300,(2004 ??? 28,200 ????????)

4. ???????? ???? ?? ??????? (????? ????? ?????)

|2010 ??? ????? ???? $3,716,000 ? $13,148,800

5. ???????? (??? ??????)

|2010 ??? ????? ???? $111,000 - $239,700

? . ???????? ????? (?? ????? ??? ?-???????)

| 2004 ??? ????? ???? $26,427 - $84,094 (2004 ??? 11,200 ????????)

7. ?????? ??????

|2010 ??? ????? ???? $537,750 - $1,765,300

? . ????-???? (????????? ????????

| ????? ???? $11,400 - $35,050, (2004 ??? ???????? 11,000 ????????)

9. ?????-???? (???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????)

|2010 ??? ????? ???? $102,250 - $161,150

10. ????????????? (?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????)

|2010 ??? ????? ???? $1,835,823 - $7,615,065

?????????, ??????? ??????, ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??.

???????, ?????, ?????????? ?. ????? ???????????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??.

?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??: (?) ?????-????? ?????? ??????? ??? (?) ????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ? ‘??????’ ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??. "?????????" ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? “?????? - ??? - ??” ??? ??.

??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? (????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??) ?? ??? ?? ?????? “??????” ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??. ? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??. ????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??. ?????????? ? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??. ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??.

?????????? ???????, ???????? ???? ‘??? ??? ???????’ ??? ??? ??. ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??, ????????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???, ?? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ‘???’ ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??. ???, ????????????? ?? ?????? ‘?????????? ?????? ???’ ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????. ????????? ???.

??? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? , ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??.

????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??. '????? ???????????' ????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ????-?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??.

?????????? ?????????? ???????? (International Franchise Association) ??????? ???????????-??????? ??? ????????? ???? 4% ???????? ?????????? ??.

?? ???? ????? ???? ^{[ ?????? ??? ]} ?? ????????????? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??. ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ‘????????????’ ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??.

????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??. ^{[ ?????? ??? ]} ?????????? ??????, ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??.

??????? ????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??. ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????, ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??. ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??. ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??. ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????. ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? .

????? ???? ???-????? ??? ??! ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ? ???. ?????? ?????, ???? ????, ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ??? ??.?? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ???????-?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? . ???? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ?.?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ????? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??. ?? ????????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??.

????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ? ????. ????, ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ????. ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????. ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ‘??????’??? ??? ? ???, ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???. ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ????. ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??. ^[?]

???????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ????? ????????????????? ????? ??? ??. ????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??. ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??. ? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??.

?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ^[?] . ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??; ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???? ???-???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ??, ??????, ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ??, ? ???? ??, ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? . ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??. ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??.

????? [ ?????? ??? ]

???? [ ?????? ??? ]

1850???, ????? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???, ?????? ????-????, ???????? ?????? ?. ^[?] ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ^[?]

?????? ????????????? ???????????-?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??. 1932 ???, ??????? ?????? ????????? 1920 ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???. ^{[??] [??]} ???? ??????? ???? ???, ?????, ??????, ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???.

1930 ???, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???. ^[??] 1950??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???.

??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? FTC ?? ???????? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??. ????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??. ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??. ???? ?????????? ??????????? (FDD) ??? ????? (300-700 pp +) ??? ??????? (???????????? ????? ???? UFOC ???), ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??. ?????? ????????? (?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??) ????????????? ????, ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???. FDD ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??. ?????? ??????? ???? FTC ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??. ???? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??, ??????? ?????? ???? ??.??. ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??.

?????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???. ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??, ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??.

??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??, ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??.

????? [ ?????? ??? ]

???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??, ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ??. ???????? ????????? ?????? ????, ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??. ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????-????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??. ??? ??????? (1989), ?????? (1996), ????? (2004), ???????? (2005) ??? ???????? (1997) ??. ^[??]

??????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????-???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? EEF ??????, ??? UNIDROIT ?? ????? ??.

???? ??????? ????? ?????? “???? ????????? ???????” ????? ??????? ???????? ??, ??????????

• ?????? ????
• ??????? ????? ??? ?????
• ???????? ????

• ?????? ??????????

???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????(??)??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??. ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??, ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???. ? ????? ?????????? ????, ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??. ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??.

?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

??????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ??. ???????? ????????? ???, ? 1930 ?? ?? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??. ?????? 70 ??? ???. ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??; ???? ???????????? ??? ?????????? 21 ??? ? ???? ??? ??. ???? 30 ???? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ??. ^[??]

?????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? . 1989 ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??. ??????? ???, ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ???? ??? Decree No. 91-337 ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??. ????? “??????? ?? ????-??????? ??????” ???? ?????? ??.

???????, ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? 20 ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????.

??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ???? ^[??]

a) ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????

b) ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????

c) ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????,

d) ?????????? ????? ???? ????????????? ????

e) ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????????, ???

f) ??? ???? ????, ????????, ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????

????????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???. ????, ??????? ?????? (Cour de cassation) ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???. ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??. ^[??]

????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ??. ??? ????? ????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??.

????? [ ?????? ??? ]

???????? ???, ??????????? 20 ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??. ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??.

??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ????? ??? ??. ? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???

1) “???????? ????????? ?????” ?? ????? ????:

2) ????????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????,

3) ”????????? ??????”??? ?????????, ???

4) ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ^[??]

????? [ ?????? ??? ]

??????? ????? ???????????? ^[??] ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??. ??????, ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? 30 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??. ???????????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???,

a) ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???,

b) ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????,

c) ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????-?????-???? ?????,

d) ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????, ???

e) ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???, ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????.

??? [ ?????? ??? ]

???????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??. ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????; 540 ?? ????? ???????? ?????? 43 ???????? ????? ??. ???? ?????? 20,000 ???? ???????? 2600 ??????? ??. KFC 1987 ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ^[??] , ^[??] . ??? ???????????? ????? ???????-???????? ??, ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ? ???. ?????? ????? ???????????? ? ??????? ???? ??. ???? ??, TGIF, ???-?????, ????????? ? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ???? 3% ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??.

???? 2005 ? ^[??] “?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????” ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????. ^[??] . ???????? ??????????? (1997) ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????????? ????? ? 2005 ?? ??????? ???????, 2007 ??????? ??? ^[??] ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??.

?? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??. ????? 42 ????????? ??? 8 ????????? ?????? ??? ??.

??????????? ??????????:

• FIE (?????-?????????? ???????????) ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
• ??????????? (???? ???? ????) 12 ????? (“?? ?????, ??-????” ????) ????? ??? ???? ???????? (????? ????? ???????) ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????
• ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????
• ???? ??????? ????, ?????-?????? ?????????????, ???? ?? (2007 ????).

??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????:

• ???????? ?????????? ????, ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????,
• ???????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????, ???
• ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????
• ?????-??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????.
• ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ????-?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??

???? ??????? ? ???? ???

• ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????
• ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????.

?????????? 20 ???? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ????:

• ????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????
• ????????????? ????? ??????????? ???
• ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????
• ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????
• ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???
• ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????, ??? ???????? ????
• ??????????? ???????? ?????
• ??????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????
• ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????
• ??????, ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ?????????????? ???????; ???
• ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? (????? ??????? ???? ????)

? ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??:

• ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
• ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???, ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??; ???, ??????? ??, ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??.

??????????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????????????? , ????????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? 1974 ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??.

????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? 14 ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??.

?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ????-??????? , ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????.

????? ????? ?????? 4 ????????, 2008 ?? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? “????????????? ??? ?????????????: ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????(Opportunity not Opportunism: Improving conduct in Australian Franchising)” ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??. ^[??]

?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??. ^[??]

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????????, ????? ????? (1996 ??? ???? ????) 54 ?????? ????, ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ??, ??? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????. ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ??: ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ^[??]

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22 ?? 2007, ?? ???, ??????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???. ?????? ??????, ???????? ????, ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???, ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???. ^[??]

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2008 ???, 62,500 ????? ??? ???????? ????, ????? ???? 1,013 ???????????? ^[??] ???, ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??. ? ???????? ??? 11 ??? ????? ?????-?????? ????????????? ??.

?????????? ?????????? ????? ( ?? ??. 8955, 15 ???????? 1994) ????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????-??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????/ ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ????, ????????????? ?????? ??? ??. “??????????? ??? ????????” ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??. ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ???.?????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??? ????? ???. ?? ????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? (INPI) ? ?????? ????? ??. ?????????? ?? ??????? (????????? ??????????????) ??? ??????????? ?? ?????????? (INPI) ????????? ????????? ??. ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ? ??? ???. ???????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??.

????????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? (????? ?? ?????? ??), ?? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??:

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? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ??????: ???????????????? ?????????? - Guia do Franchising ( http://www.guiadofranchising.com.br ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? )

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