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sodium bicarbonate
Names
IUPAC name
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Other names
Sodium bicarbonate
Bicarbonate of soda
Baking soda
Sodium hydrogencarbonate
Nahcolite
Identifiers
CAS number 144-55-8   YesY
PubChem 516892
ChemSpider 8609
RTECS number VZ0950000
Properties
Molecular formula NaHCO 3
Molecular formula
Molar mass 0 g mol ?1
Appearance white crystalline solid
Odor odorless
Density 2.173 g/cm 3
Melting point

decomp: 323.15 K (50 °C) ? 543.15 K (270 °C)

Solubility in water 78 g/L (18 °C)
100 g/L (20 °C)
Solubility insoluble in alcohol , ether
Acidity (p K a ) 10.3
Refractive index ( n D ) 1.3344
Hazards
Safety data sheet
EU Index Not listed
NFPA 704
0
1
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration ( LD , LC ):
Related compounds
Other anion s
Other cation s
Related compounds Sodium bisulfate
Sodium hydrogen phosphate
????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? (?? °C [77 °F] ??, 100 kPa).
?????????? ???????

?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??, ????? ???????? ????? NaHCO 3 ??. ?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??. ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????, ?????????? ????? ????? ??. ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??, ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??. ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??.

????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ?? ?????? ???? , ????? ???? , ????? ???? , ?????? ???????????? . ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? , ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??, ???? ???? ??? ?? "????????? ????? ". 19?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???. ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??.

?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??. ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???.

1791??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???, ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??. 1846??? ??????????? ?? ??????? (?????????? ?????????) ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????. [?]

??????? [ ?????? ??? ]

NaHCO 3 ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ??, ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????????, ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? (???? 2001 ????). [?]

?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?? NaHCO 3 ????? ???? ??. ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????

CO 2 + 2 NaOH → Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O

?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??, ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ??:

Na 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O → 2 NaHCO 3

?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??. ? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???

Na 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O → 2 NaHCO 3

?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????? ???????????? (NaHCO 3 )?? ????? ??????? ??? (55.8?33.9 Ma (???))??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??. ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????. ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??. ? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??.

???????????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????? ????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??. ????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???

HCO ?
3 + H 2 O → H
2 CO
3 + OH ?

"?????" ???????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????, ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???

NaHCO 3 + HCl → NaCl + H 2 CO 3
H 2 CO 3 → H 2 O + CO 2 (g)

?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? (?????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??) ???? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??. ? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???

NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH → CH 3 COONa + H 2 O + CO 2 (g)

?????? ????????????, ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???

NaHCO 3 + NaOH → Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O

?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? CO
2 ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??. ? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??.

?????? ?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

70 °C ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??. ? ???????? 200 °C ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??: [?]

2 NaHCO 3 → Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2

???? ????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ??. ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? (1000 °C ??):

Na 2 CO 3 → Na 2 O + CO 2

? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ("???? (BC) ?????") ????? NaHCO 3 ?? ????? ???????? ??.

?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????? (???? ???????? ?????????)??? ??? ??, ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??, ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??, ??? ??, ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?? , ????, ???, ????, ???? ?????. ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? (??????????) ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ??. [?] ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? (??? ????? ????) ?? ????? ?? ????? (???????? ???? ?????) ???? ????????? ??? ??. ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? (?????? ?? ?????? ??? ⅛ ??????. (tsp.) ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????)

?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???.

???? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? [ ?????? ??? ]

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???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??. [?] ?????? ???? (pH)??? ?????? ?????? (??? ??????? ??????) ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? (2?5 ?????? (ppm))??? ??. [?]

????? ?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??. [?] ??????? ???? ??????? (?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????) ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? (???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????) ???? ????????? ???????? (???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???)?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??.

???????? (??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????) ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??. [?] ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???, ????????? ???? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? pH (????)??? ????? ??? ??. ? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??? ??. ??????? ???? (pH) (<7.1-7.0) ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??. [??]

???????????? (??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????)?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??. ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??. ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ??. [??] ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??. [??]

?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ??, ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????, ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??. ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????-?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??.

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?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? (???????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????). [??]

?????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??, ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??. ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??, ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??.

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???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??. [??] ????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??, ???? ?? ?? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ??. ????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???. [??]

??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ????)?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??. ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??. ? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??.

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?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??. ? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??. [?] ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ?? ???, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??. [?] ????? (ABC) ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? (BC) ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??. ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????-?? ????? ?????? ????? ??, ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??. ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? (??????? ??????? ????? ?????????) ??? ????? ??, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??. ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??, ???? ?? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???. [ ?????? ??? ]

?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??. ?? ???, ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? (pH)??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??. [??] ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? [??] ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??. [??]

?? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??. [??] ?????? ?????????????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??. ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ????. [??]

? ?? ??? [ ?????? ??? ]

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??????? [ ?????? ??? ]

  1. ↑ "Company History" . Church & Dwight Co.
  2. ↑ ???????, ?. ??.; ??????, ?." ?????????? ??????????" ???????? ?????: ??? ??????, 2001. ???????? 0-12-352651-5.
  3. ↑ "Decomposition of Carbonates" . General Chemistry Online.
  4. ↑ ??????? ????? ??? 45 ?? ???????, ??????? ????? ????? ??????? 1954
  5. ↑ ?.? ?.? ?.? "Arm & Hammer Baking Soda - Basics - The Magic Of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda" . Armhammer.com. ??? ????? 2009-08-31 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2009-07-30 .
  6. ↑ "White Phosphorus" . GlobalSecurity.org . ?????? 2007-09-26 .
  7. ↑ "Outdoor Fun: Pool Care" . Arm & Hammer Baking Soda. 2003 . ?????? 2007-09-26 . [ ????? ???? ??? ??? ]
  8. ↑ "Sodium Bicarbonate" . Jackson Siegelbaum Gastroenterology. 1998. ??? ????? 2008-12-01 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2010-11-03 .
  9. ↑ "Sodium Bicarbonate Intravenous Infusion" (PDF) . Consumer Medicine Information . Better Health Channel. 2004-07-13. ??? (PDF) ????? 2008-08-22 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2010-11-03 .
  10. ↑ "Respiratory Acidosis: Treatment & Medication" . emedicine.
  11. ↑ Knudsen, K; Abrahamsson, J (1997). "Epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate independently and additively increase survival in experimental amitriptyline poisoning". Critical care medicine . 25 (4): 669?74. doi : 10.1097/00003246-199704000-00019 . ISSN   0090-3493 . PMID   9142034 . Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( ??? ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
  12. ↑ "Insect bites and stings: First aid" . Mayo Clinic. 2008-01-15.
  13. ↑ ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ??? . Virtuowl.com. 2010-09-24?? ??? ??????? ??????
  14. ↑ Bouchard, Mallory (2010-05-04). "A Green and Healthy Beauty Secret: Going Shampoo-Free" . Four Green Steps.
  15. ↑ Bee, Peta (2008-08-16). "Is bicarbonate of soda a performanceenhancing drug" . The Times . London . ?????? 2010-05-23 .
  16. ↑ ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? - ???? ?????? ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? . Umm.edu (2009-10-19). 2010-09-24?? ??? ??????? ??????
  17. ↑ "Arm & Hammer Baking Soda - Basics - The Magic Of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda" . Armhammer.com. ??? ????? 2009-08-31 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2009-07-30 .
  18. ↑ "instructables.com" . ??? ????? 2013-04-04 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2010-11-03 .
  19. ↑ "Arm & Hammer Baking Soda - Basics - The Magic Of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda" . Armhammer.com. ??? ????? 2009-08-31 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2009-07-30 .
  20. ↑ Malik, Ys; Goyal, Sm (2006). "Virucidal efficacy of sodium bicarbonate on a food contact surface against feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate". International journal of food microbiology . 109 (1?2): 160?3. doi : 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.033 . ISSN   0168-1605 . PMID   16540196 . Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( ??? ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
  21. ↑ Zamani, M; Sharifi, Tehrani, A; Ali, Abadi, Aa (2007). "Evaluation of antifungal activity of carbonate and bicarbonate salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agents in control of citrus green mold". Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences (Free full text) |format= requires |url= ( ??? ) . 72 (4): 773?7. PMID   18396809 . CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
  22. ↑ ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? . Answerbag. 2010-09-24?? ??? ??????? ??????
  23. ↑ Gail Altman (2006-05-22). "Book Repair for BookThinkers: How To Remove Odors From Books" . The BookThinker (69).

??? ????? [ ?????? ??? ]

  • Bishop, D; Edge, J; Davis, C; Goodman, C (2004). "Induced metabolic alkalosis affects muscle metabolism and repeated-sprint ability". Medicine and science in sports and exercise . 36 (5): 807?13. ISSN   0195-9131 . PMID   15126714 . Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( ??? ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )

????? ?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

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