Y
(verify)
(what is:
Y
/
N
?)
?????? ????????????
??
?????? ????????? ?????????
?? ???????? ?????? ??, ????? ???????? ????? NaHCO
3
??. ?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??. ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????, ?????????? ????? ????? ??. ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??, ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??. ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??.
????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ??
?????? ????
,
????? ????
,
????? ????
,
?????? ????????????
. ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? ????????
,
???????? ????
????
????????
????? ??.
??????
???? ????? ?????? ????
???????
????? ????? ??, ???? ???? ??? ?? "?????????
?????
". 19?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???. ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??.
??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??. ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???.
1791??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???, ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??. 1846??? ??????????? ?? ??????? (?????????? ?????????) ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????.
[?]
NaHCO
3
????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ??, ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????????, ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? (???? 2001 ????).
[?]
?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?? NaHCO
3
????? ???? ??. ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????
- CO
2
+ 2 NaOH → Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??, ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ??:
- Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O → 2 NaHCO
3
?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??. ? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???
- Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O → 2 NaHCO
3
?????? ???????????? (NaHCO
3
)?? ????? ??????? ??? (55.8?33.9 Ma (???))??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??. ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????. ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??. ? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??.
?????? ????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??. ????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???
- HCO
?
3
+ H
2
O →
H
2
CO
3
+ OH
?
"?????" ???????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????, ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???
- NaHCO
3
+ HCl → NaCl + H
2
CO
3
- H
2
CO
3
→ H
2
O + CO
2
(g)
?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? (?????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??) ???? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??. ? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????,
????
??? ?????? ????????? ???
- NaHCO
3
+ CH
3
COOH → CH
3
COONa + H
2
O + CO
2
(g)
?????? ????????????, ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???
- NaHCO
3
+ NaOH → Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????
CO
2
?? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??. ? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??.
70 °C ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????,
????
??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??. ? ???????? 200 °C ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??:
[?]
- 2 NaHCO
3
→ Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
???? ????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ??. ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? (1000 °C ??):
- Na
2
CO
3
→ Na
2
O + CO
2
? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ("???? (BC) ?????") ????? NaHCO
3
?? ????? ???????? ??.
?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????? (???? ???????? ?????????)??? ??? ??, ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??, ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??, ??? ??, ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????,
??????? ??
, ????, ???, ????, ???? ?????. ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? (??????????) ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ??.
[?]
?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? (??? ????? ????) ?? ????? ?? ????? (???????? ???? ?????) ???? ????????? ??? ??. ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? (?????? ?? ?????? ??? ⅛ ??????. (tsp.) ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????)
?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???.
???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????
[
?????? ???
]
???? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??, ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??, ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??. ?????? ???? ????? ???????????? ? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???. ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??.
[?]
???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??.
[?]
?????? ???? (pH)??? ?????? ?????? (??? ??????? ??????) ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? (2?5 ?????? (ppm))??? ??.
[?]
?????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??.
[?]
??????? ???? ??????? (?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????) ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? (???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????) ???? ????????? ???????? (???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???)?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??.
???????? (??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????) ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??.
[?]
????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???, ????????? ???? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? pH (????)??? ????? ??? ??. ? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??? ??. ??????? ???? (pH) (<7.1-7.0) ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??.
[??]
???????????? (??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????)?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??. ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??. ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ??.
[??]
?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??.
[??]
?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ??, ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????, ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??. ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????-?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??.
?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??. ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??, ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ??.
?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? (???????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????).
[??]
?????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??, ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??. ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??, ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??.
????????? ???????
[
?????? ???
]
?????? ???????????? ??? 3% ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???-????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??. ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??.
[??]
?????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??,
[??]
?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??.
[??]
???????? ????? ?????
[
?????? ???
]
???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??.
[??]
????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??, ???? ?? ?? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ??. ????????????? ????? ?????????
?????
??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???.
[??]
??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ????)?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??. ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??. ? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??.
?????????? ???? ?????
[
?????? ???
]
?????? ??????????????? ?????
???????
????? ??? ??, ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??.
?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??. ? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??.
[?]
???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ?? ???, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??.
[?]
????? (ABC) ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? (BC) ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??. ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????-?? ????? ?????? ????? ??, ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??. ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? (??????? ??????? ????? ?????????) ??? ????? ??, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??. ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??, ???? ?? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???.
[
?????? ???
]
?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??. ?? ???, ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? (pH)??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??.
[??]
?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??
[??]
??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??.
[??]
?? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??.
[??]
?????? ?????????????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??. ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ????.
[??]
- ????????? ????
- ?????? ?????
- ???? ??????? ????
- ?????????
- ???????
- ???????? (??????)
- ??????
- ↑
"Company History"
. Church & Dwight Co.
- ↑
???????, ?. ??.; ??????, ?." ?????????? ??????????" ???????? ?????: ??? ??????, 2001. ???????? 0-12-352651-5.
- ↑
"Decomposition of Carbonates"
. General Chemistry Online.
- ↑
??????? ????? ??? 45
??
???????, ??????? ????? ????? ??????? 1954
- ↑
?.?
?.?
?.?
"Arm & Hammer Baking Soda - Basics - The Magic Of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda"
. Armhammer.com.
???
????? 2009-08-31 ?? ????????
. ??????
2009-07-30
.
- ↑
"White Phosphorus"
. GlobalSecurity.org
. ??????
2007-09-26
.
- ↑
"Outdoor Fun: Pool Care"
. Arm & Hammer Baking Soda. 2003
. ??????
2007-09-26
.
[
????? ???? ??? ???
]
- ↑
"Sodium Bicarbonate"
. Jackson Siegelbaum Gastroenterology. 1998.
???
????? 2008-12-01 ?? ????????
. ??????
2010-11-03
.
- ↑
"Sodium Bicarbonate Intravenous Infusion"
(PDF)
.
Consumer Medicine Information
. Better Health Channel. 2004-07-13.
???
(PDF)
????? 2008-08-22 ?? ????????
. ??????
2010-11-03
.
- ↑
"Respiratory Acidosis: Treatment & Medication"
. emedicine.
- ↑
Knudsen, K; Abrahamsson, J (1997). "Epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate independently and additively increase survival in experimental amitriptyline poisoning".
Critical care medicine
.
25
(4): 669?74.
doi
:
10.1097/00003246-199704000-00019
.
ISSN
0090-3493
.
PMID
9142034
.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
"Insect bites and stings: First aid"
. Mayo Clinic. 2008-01-15.
- ↑
?????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ???
. Virtuowl.com. 2010-09-24?? ??? ??????? ??????
- ↑
Bouchard, Mallory (2010-05-04).
"A Green and Healthy Beauty Secret: Going Shampoo-Free"
. Four Green Steps.
- ↑
Bee, Peta (2008-08-16).
"Is bicarbonate of soda a performanceenhancing drug"
.
The Times
. London
. ??????
2010-05-23
.
- ↑
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? - ???? ??????
????????
????-??-?? ?? ???
????? ????
. Umm.edu (2009-10-19). 2010-09-24?? ??? ??????? ??????
- ↑
"Arm & Hammer Baking Soda - Basics - The Magic Of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda"
. Armhammer.com.
???
????? 2009-08-31 ?? ????????
. ??????
2009-07-30
.
- ↑
"instructables.com"
.
???
????? 2013-04-04 ?? ????????
. ??????
2010-11-03
.
- ↑
"Arm & Hammer Baking Soda - Basics - The Magic Of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda"
. Armhammer.com.
???
????? 2009-08-31 ?? ????????
. ??????
2009-07-30
.
- ↑
Malik, Ys; Goyal, Sm (2006). "Virucidal efficacy of sodium bicarbonate on a food contact surface against feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate".
International journal of food microbiology
.
109
(1?2): 160?3.
doi
:
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.033
.
ISSN
0168-1605
.
PMID
16540196
.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
Zamani, M; Sharifi, Tehrani, A; Ali, Abadi, Aa (2007). "Evaluation of antifungal activity of carbonate and bicarbonate salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agents in control of citrus green mold".
Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences
(Free full text)
.
72
(4): 773?7.
PMID
18396809
.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????
. Answerbag. 2010-09-24?? ??? ??????? ??????
- ↑
Gail Altman (2006-05-22).
"Book Repair for BookThinkers: How To Remove Odors From Books"
.
The BookThinker
(69).
- Bishop, D; Edge, J; Davis, C; Goodman, C (2004). "Induced metabolic alkalosis affects muscle metabolism and repeated-sprint ability".
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
.
36
(5): 807?13.
ISSN
0195-9131
.
PMID
15126714
.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)