?????????

?????????? ^[?] (???? /p??.le.ta. ?ja/ ?? ????? ????? proletarius? ?? ????? ????????? ?? Proles ?? ????? ?????) ( ??????? : Proletariat ) ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ^[?] ????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??. ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????.

?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?.... ??????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ^[?] ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ^[?] ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ^[?] ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????????. ^[?]

???? [ ?????? ]

??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????. ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ^[?] ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? (Lorenz von Stein) ???. ^[?]

????? ?? ???? ≪ ??????? ??????? ≫ (????) ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????: ≪????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????.≫ ^[?]

??????? ????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ???? [ ?????? ]

?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? - ?? ?? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ? ??? ?????? - ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ≪???? ???? ????≫ ?? ??????? ????? ??. ^[?] ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]

?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ^[??] ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ( ???????? ) ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???. ^[??] ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ????? ? ??? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ≪???? ????≫ ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ≪ ???? ≫ ? ≪ ??? ≫ ???????. ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????. ????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ≪?????????? ??????≫ ?? ????? ????? ???? ≪?????????? ?????≫ ???? ??? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ≪?????????? ??????≫ ???? ?????. ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? (???? ????) ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ ≪ ????????? ≫ [ ???? ????? ? ????? ????????? ] ??????? ≪ proletariat ≫? ????: ???? ?????????? . ???? ????????? ????????. ???? ??? . ????? ???????? ???? ?????????. ????? : ???????? ????????? ???? ? ??? ????? . ???? ???-????-??-? (??? ??????? ????????? )
↑ ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? (?????????: ????? ????? ?????? ????) ?? ??? ???? ???
↑ https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100320389
↑ https://sr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitna_bur%C5%BEoazija
↑ https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/national_bourgeoisie
↑ ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??.
↑ Marx, Karl (February 1848). "Bourgeois and Proletarians". Manifesto of the Communist Party. Progress Publishers. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
↑ ^??? ^??? ????????? ?????- ?????? ?????-??? ???????- ??? ??????? 1387- ?84
↑ Ekins, Paul; Max-Neef, Manfred (2006). Real Life Economics. Routledge. pp. 91?93.
↑ Ekelund Jr, Robert B. ; Hebert, Robert F. (2006). A History of Economic Theory and Method: Fifth Edition. Waveland Press. p. 226.
↑ Lutz, Mark A. (2002). Economics for the Common Good: Two Centuries of Economic Thought in the Humanist Tradition. Routledge. pp. 55?57.
↑ Stedman Jones, Gareth (2006). "Saint-Simon and the Liberal origins of the Socialist critique of Political Economy". In Aprile, Sylvie; Bensimon, Fabrice (eds.). La France et l'Angleterre au XIXe siecle. Echanges, representations, comparaisons. Creaphis. pp. 21?47.
↑ Cf. , Sidney Hook, Marx and the Marxists (Princeton: Van Nostrand 1955) at 13.
↑ Marx, Karl (1887). "Chapter Six: The Buying and Selling of Labour-Power". In Frederick Engels (ed.). Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Okonomie [Capital: Critique of Political Economy]. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
↑ Lumpenproletariat | Marxism". Encyclopedia Britannica

????? [ ?????? ]

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Proletariat ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????.

?????? ??????. ????????? ?????. ??? ???????. ?????: ???????? ????.

[1] ≪ ????????? ≫ [ ???? ????? ? ????? ????????? ] ??????? ≪ proletariat ≫? ????: ???? ?????????? . ???? ????????? ????????. ???? ??? . ????? ???????? ???? ?????????. ????? : ???????? ????????? ???? ? ??? ????? . ???? ???-????-??-? (??? ??????? ????????? )

[2] ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? (?????????: ????? ????? ?????? ????) ?? ??? ???? ???

[3] ttps://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100320389

[4] ttps://sr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitna_bur%C5%BEoazija

[5] ttps://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/national_bourgeoisie

[6] ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??.

[7] Marx, Karl (February 1848). "Bourgeois and Proletarians". Manifesto of the Communist Party. Progress Publishers. Retrieved 10 February 2013.

[a-8] ??? ^??? ????????? ?????- ?????? ?????-??? ???????- ??? ??????? 1387- ?84

[9] Ekins, Paul; Max-Neef, Manfred (2006). Real Life Economics. Routledge. pp. 91?93.

[10] Ekelund Jr, Robert B. ; Hebert, Robert F. (2006). A History of Economic Theory and Method: Fifth Edition. Waveland Press. p. 226.

[11] Lutz, Mark A. (2002). Economics for the Common Good: Two Centuries of Economic Thought in the Humanist Tradition. Routledge. pp. 55?57.

[12] Stedman Jones, Gareth (2006). "Saint-Simon and the Liberal origins of the Socialist critique of Political Economy". In Aprile, Sylvie; Bensimon, Fabrice (eds.). La France et l'Angleterre au XIXe siecle. Echanges, representations, comparaisons. Creaphis. pp. 21?47.

[13] Cf. , Sidney Hook, Marx and the Marxists (Princeton: Van Nostrand 1955) at 13.

[14] Marx, Karl (1887). "Chapter Six: The Buying and Selling of Labour-Power". In Frederick Engels (ed.). Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Okonomie [Capital: Critique of Political Economy]. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Retrieved 10 February 2013.

[15] Lumpenproletariat | Marxism". Encyclopedia Britannica

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