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??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???. ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ???????????? (?? ????? ??? ) ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????.

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??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ???? ??????? ??:

????? (?????) ????? ?? ???? ???????????? (????????) : ???? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????.
???????? (?????????) : ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????.
????? ????? : ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.

?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? (GFP)? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ??? ?????? (??? ????? ?? ??? ????). ^[?]^[?]

???? ?? ???? ????? ????? [ ?????? ]

??????????????? ??? ???? ????? ≪????? ?????≫ ???. ?? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ≪?????≫ ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ( HIV , KSHV ^[?]^[?]^[?]^[?] ? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????). ^[?]

???? ?? ???? ???????? [ ?????? ]

????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???. ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ???. ????? ??? ????? ? ????? ?????? C ^[?] ? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????. ^[??]

?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???????? pH ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???. ^[??]

???? ?? ???? ????? ?? [ ?????? ]

?????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? (????? ????????? RNA ??? ???? ? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????). ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? T2 ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??? DNA ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ^[??]

????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? (?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????) ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????. ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ( ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ) ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Subramanian RP, Geraghty RJ (20 February 2007). "Herpes simplex virus type 1 mediates fusion through a hemifusion intermediate by sequential activity of glycoproteins D, H, L, and B" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA . 104 (8): 2903?8. doi : 10.1073/pnas.0608374104 . PMC 1815279 . PMID 17299053 .
↑ Lakadamyali, Melike; Michael J. Rust; Hazen P. Babcock; Xiaowei Zhuang (2003). "Visualizing infection of individual influenza viruses" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 100 (16): 9280?9285. doi : 10.1073/pnas.0832269100 . PMC 170909 . PMID 12883000 .
↑ Joo, K-I; P Wang (2008-05-15). "Visualization of Targeted Transduction by Engineered Lentiviral Vectors" . Gene Ther . 15 (20): 1384?1396. doi : 10.1038/gt.2008.87 . ISSN 0969-7128 . PMC 2575058 . PMID 18480844 .
↑ Kumar, Binod; Chandran, Bala (November 14, 2016). "KSHV Entry and Trafficking in Target Cells-Hijacking of Cell Signal Pathways, Actin and Membrane Dynamics" . Viruses . 8 (11): 305. doi : 10.3390/v8110305 . ISSN 1999-4915 . PMC 5127019 . PMID 27854239 .
↑ Kumar, Binod; Dutta, Dipanjan; Iqbal, Jawed; Ansari, Mairaj Ahmed; Roy, Arunava; Chikoti, Leela; Pisano, Gina; Veettil, Mohanan Valiya; Chandran, Bala (October 2016). "ESCRT-I Protein Tsg101 Plays a Role in the Post-macropinocytic Trafficking and Infection of Endothelial Cells by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus" . PLoS Pathogens . 12 (10): e1005960. doi : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005960 . ISSN 1553-7374 . PMC 5072609 . PMID 27764233 .
↑ Veettil, Mohanan Valiya; Kumar, Binod; Ansari, Mairaj Ahmed; Dutta, Dipanjan; Iqbal, Jawed; Gjyshi, Olsi; Bottero, Virginie; Chandran, Bala (April 2016). "ESCRT-0 Component Hrs Promotes Macropinocytosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus in Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells" . Journal of Virology . 90 (8): 3860?3872. doi : 10.1128/JVI.02704-15 . ISSN 1098-5514 . PMC 4810545 . PMID 26819309 .
↑ Khanna, Madhu; Sharma, Sachin; Kumar, Binod; Rajput, Roopali (2014). "Protective Immunity Based on the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk Domain and Its Prospects for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development" . BioMed Research International (?? ???????). 2014 : 546274. doi : 10.1155/2014/546274 . ISSN 2314-6133 . PMC 4055638 . PMID 24982895 .
↑ Campadelli-Fiume G, Amasio M, Avitabile E, Cerretani A, Forghieri C, Gianni T, Menotti L. "The multipartite system that mediates entry of herpes simplex virus into the cell." Rev Med Virol. 2007 Sep-Oct;17(5):313-26. Review.
↑ Helle F, Dubuisson J. "Hepatitis C virus entry into host cells." Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Oct 4
↑ N.J. Dimmock et al. "Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th edition." Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
↑ Howley, Peter M; Knipe, David M "Fields Virology" Lippincott Williams & Williams 2013
↑ Sebestyen MG, Budker VG, Budker T, Subbotin VM, Zhang G, Monahan SD, Lewis DL, Wong SC, Hagstrom JE, Wolff JA. "Mechanism of plasmid delivery by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. I. Hepatocyte uptake of various molecules." J Gene Med. 2006 Jul;8(7):852-73.

[Subramanian_17299053-1] Subramanian RP, Geraghty RJ (20 February 2007). "Herpes simplex virus type 1 mediates fusion through a hemifusion intermediate by sequential activity of glycoproteins D, H, L, and B" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA . 104 (8): 2903?8. doi : 10.1073/pnas.0608374104 . PMC 1815279 . PMID 17299053 .

[2] Lakadamyali, Melike; Michael J. Rust; Hazen P. Babcock; Xiaowei Zhuang (2003). "Visualizing infection of individual influenza viruses" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 100 (16): 9280?9285. doi : 10.1073/pnas.0832269100 . PMC 170909 . PMID 12883000 .

[3] Joo, K-I; P Wang (2008-05-15). "Visualization of Targeted Transduction by Engineered Lentiviral Vectors" . Gene Ther . 15 (20): 1384?1396. doi : 10.1038/gt.2008.87 . ISSN 0969-7128 . PMC 2575058 . PMID 18480844 .

[4] Kumar, Binod; Chandran, Bala (November 14, 2016). "KSHV Entry and Trafficking in Target Cells-Hijacking of Cell Signal Pathways, Actin and Membrane Dynamics" . Viruses . 8 (11): 305. doi : 10.3390/v8110305 . ISSN 1999-4915 . PMC 5127019 . PMID 27854239 .

[5] Kumar, Binod; Dutta, Dipanjan; Iqbal, Jawed; Ansari, Mairaj Ahmed; Roy, Arunava; Chikoti, Leela; Pisano, Gina; Veettil, Mohanan Valiya; Chandran, Bala (October 2016). "ESCRT-I Protein Tsg101 Plays a Role in the Post-macropinocytic Trafficking and Infection of Endothelial Cells by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus" . PLoS Pathogens . 12 (10): e1005960. doi : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005960 . ISSN 1553-7374 . PMC 5072609 . PMID 27764233 .

[6] Veettil, Mohanan Valiya; Kumar, Binod; Ansari, Mairaj Ahmed; Dutta, Dipanjan; Iqbal, Jawed; Gjyshi, Olsi; Bottero, Virginie; Chandran, Bala (April 2016). "ESCRT-0 Component Hrs Promotes Macropinocytosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus in Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells" . Journal of Virology . 90 (8): 3860?3872. doi : 10.1128/JVI.02704-15 . ISSN 1098-5514 . PMC 4810545 . PMID 26819309 .

[7] Khanna, Madhu; Sharma, Sachin; Kumar, Binod; Rajput, Roopali (2014). "Protective Immunity Based on the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk Domain and Its Prospects for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development" . BioMed Research International (?? ???????). 2014 : 546274. doi : 10.1155/2014/546274 . ISSN 2314-6133 . PMC 4055638 . PMID 24982895 .

[8] Campadelli-Fiume G, Amasio M, Avitabile E, Cerretani A, Forghieri C, Gianni T, Menotti L. "The multipartite system that mediates entry of herpes simplex virus into the cell." Rev Med Virol. 2007 Sep-Oct;17(5):313-26. Review.

[9] Helle F, Dubuisson J. "Hepatitis C virus entry into host cells." Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Oct 4

[10] N.J. Dimmock et al. "Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th edition." Blackwell Publishing, 2007.

[11] Howley, Peter M; Knipe, David M "Fields Virology" Lippincott Williams & Williams 2013

[12] Sebestyen MG, Budker VG, Budker T, Subbotin VM, Zhang G, Monahan SD, Lewis DL, Wong SC, Hagstrom JE, Wolff JA. "Mechanism of plasmid delivery by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. I. Hepatocyte uptake of various molecules." J Gene Med. 2006 Jul;8(7):852-73.

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