?? ?????????? ????????? ????
?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????
???? ???
??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????
???? ??? ????
?? ???
????
? ?? ???
????????
?????
????? ??.
[?]
????? ??????
[
??????
]
??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???
??
?? ??? ?? ???????? (?? ????) ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????
????
????? ??? ?? ????
??????
?? ???? ????? (?? ?? ????) ??????? ????? ??.
[?]
[?]
[?]
[?]
?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? (??? ? ???? ???) ????? ????? ??????.
??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????
??? ????? ???
????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ? ??? (????? ?????) ????? ??????.
???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????.
[?]
[?]
?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????
?????
?????? ?????? ????? ??
???? ???? ? ??????
?????
??????? ???????.
- ↑
"Guericke, Otto von"
.
Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Ed
. Vol. 12. Cambridge Univ. Press. 1910. p. 670.
- ↑
Hablanian, M. H.; Hemeon, C. H. (2003).
"Comments about Magdeburg hemispheres reenactment"
.
50 years of the AVS
. American Vacuum Society. Archived from
the original
on 2008-08-03.
- ↑
Nave, C.R. (2000).
"Original Magdeburg Hemispheres"
.
Hyperphysics
. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State Univ.
- ↑
"Magdeburg hemispheres"
.
Multimedia Catalogue
. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence, Italy. 2006.
- ↑
Hall, Edwin H.; Bergen, Joseph Y. (1903).
A Textbook of Physics, 3rd Ed
. New York: Henry Holt & Co. p. 52.
- ↑
Nave, Carl R. (2012).
"Magdeburg Hemispheres"
.
Hyperphysics
. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State Univ
. Retrieved
November 12,
2012
.
- ↑
Calculated using a diameter of 0.5 m with
atmospheric pressure
; force is given by
P
? * π *
r
²
, where
P
?=air pressure and
r
=cross-sectional radius of the hemisphere. Due to the inefficiencies of the vacuum pump, the artificial vacuum was likely much weaker.
- ?????????????? ?????????? ≪Magdeburg hemispheres≫? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????.