??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ???. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ??????????? ????? ???? ???. ^[?]

?????? ??? [ ?????? ]

??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ≪?????≫ ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???. ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ^[?]

??? ???? [ ?????? ]

??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????. ???????????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????. ^[?] ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?????. ^[?]

?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

• ?????? ?????????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ???. ?????: ???????? ????? ????
• ????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ???. ?????: ???????? ???????? ????
• ????? ???? ?? ????. ????? ????? ??? ?????. ?????: ???????? ??????? ????
  • Morony, M. (2012). "ARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran" . Encyclopaedia Iranica . This victory enabled ??led to penetrate the lower line of Sasanian frontier defenses near the coast and invade Mays?n, where he defeated the survivors of Hormoz’s army and reinforcements from al-Mad??en at the battle of Ma??r in ?afar, 12/March-April, 633.
  • Akram, A.I. (1970). The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns . Nat. Publishing. House. ISBN   0-7101-0104-X .