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???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??. ^[?]

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??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? (???) ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????????. ^[?]

????? ???? ???? ??? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ???. ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????. ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ^[?]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? ?????? ??????

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn) , State University of New York Press, p. 46, ISBN 978-0-88706-691-7
↑ The Dawn of Civilisation , by: ????? ?????
↑ "A History Of Art In Chaldæa & Assyria" Georges Perrot, Professor in The Faculty of Letters, Paris; Member of The Institute, and Charles Chipiez. New York, 1884.
↑ Encyclopedia of Gods, Michael Jordan, Kyle Cathie Limited, 2002
↑ Healey, John F. (2001). "4". The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus . Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 136. Boston: Brill. pp. 107?119. ISBN 90-04-10754-1 .
↑ Healey, John F. "4". The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus . Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 136. Boston: Brill. p. 111. ISBN 90-04-10754-1 . {{ cite book }}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month=? |origdate= ? |coauthors= ( help )
↑ http://lib.eshia.ir/23019/9/4263

[Tabari_25_Sep_1990_46-1] Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn) , State University of New York Press, p. 46, ISBN 978-0-88706-691-7

[Maspero-2] The Dawn of Civilisation , by: ????? ?????

[Assyria-3] "A History Of Art In Chaldæa & Assyria" Georges Perrot, Professor in The Faculty of Letters, Paris; Member of The Institute, and Charles Chipiez. New York, 1884.

[4] Encyclopedia of Gods, Michael Jordan, Kyle Cathie Limited, 2002

[5] Healey, John F. (2001). "4". The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus . Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 136. Boston: Brill. pp. 107?119. ISBN 90-04-10754-1 .

[6] Healey, John F. "4". The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus . Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 136. Boston: Brill. p. 111. ISBN 90-04-10754-1 . {{ cite book }}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month=? |origdate= ? |coauthors= ( help )

[7] ttp://lib.eshia.ir/23019/9/4263

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