??? ??????

??? ?????? ; ??????? ?????: ????? ?????? ? ??????
	??? ?????? ?? ??? ???
????? ?????
	; ?? ??? ?????? ( IUCN 3.1 )
???????? ????
???????:	???????
????:	?????????
???:	??????????
?????:	???????????
????:	?????
????:	???????
????:	??? ??????
??? ??????
	Elephas maximus ; ??? ???? ? ????
	?????? ???????? ??? ??????

??? ?????? ( ??? ???? : Elephas maximus ) ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???. ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??. ^[?]

??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????.

???????? ? ??????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???. ^[?]

?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????: ^[?]^[?]

??? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??????.
??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ??? ????? ??????.
??? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Shoshani, J. (2005). "Order Proboscidea" . In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0 . OCLC 62265494 .
↑ Haynes, G. 1993. Mammoths, mastodonts, and elephants: biology, behavior, and the fossil record . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
↑ ^??? ^??? Choudhury, A. , Lahiri Choudhury, D.K. , Desai, A. , Duckworth, J.W. , Easa, P.S. , Johnsingh, A.J.T. , Fernando, P. , Hedges, S. , Gunawardena, M. , Kurt, F. , Karanth, U. , Lister, A. , Menon, V. , Riddle, H. , Rubel, A. , Wikramanayake, E. (2008). "Elephas maximus" . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . {{ cite web }}: ??????? ??????:??????? ?????:????? ????????? ( link )
↑ Sukumar, R. (2003). The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
↑ Choudhury, A. U. (1999) Status and Conservation of the Asian elephant Elephas maximus in north-eastern India . Mammal Review 29: 141?173.
↑ Shoshani, J, Eisenberg, J. F. (1982). "Elephas maximus" (PDF) . Mammalian Species . 182 : 1?8. doi : 10.2307/3504045 . JSTOR 3504045 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 28 December 2012 . {{ cite journal }}: ??????? ??????:??????? ?????:????? ????????? ( link )

[MSW-1] Shoshani, J. (2005). "Order Proboscidea" . In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0 . OCLC 62265494 .

[2] Haynes, G. 1993. Mammoths, mastodonts, and elephants: biology, behavior, and the fossil record . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

[iucn-3] ??? ^??? Choudhury, A. , Lahiri Choudhury, D.K. , Desai, A. , Duckworth, J.W. , Easa, P.S. , Johnsingh, A.J.T. , Fernando, P. , Hedges, S. , Gunawardena, M. , Kurt, F. , Karanth, U. , Lister, A. , Menon, V. , Riddle, H. , Rubel, A. , Wikramanayake, E. (2008). "Elephas maximus" . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4 . International Union for Conservation of Nature . {{ cite web }}: ??????? ??????:??????? ?????:????? ????????? ( link )

[4] Sukumar, R. (2003). The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

[Choudhury99-5] Choudhury, A. U. (1999) Status and Conservation of the Asian elephant Elephas maximus in north-eastern India . Mammal Review 29: 141?173.

[Shoshani82-6] Shoshani, J, Eisenberg, J. F. (1982). "Elephas maximus" (PDF) . Mammalian Species . 182 : 1?8. doi : 10.2307/3504045 . JSTOR 3504045 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 28 December 2012 . {{ cite journal }}: ??????? ??????:??????? ?????:????? ????????? ( link )

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]