????????? (?????)

????????? (?? ??????? : Screening ) ?? ????? ? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????. ^[?]^[?]^[?] ???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???. ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???.

??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? (overdiagnosis)? ????? ?????? ? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???. ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? [?] ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ^[?]^[?] ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ^[?]

???????????? ?????? ???? ?????: ???????? ?????? (Universal Screening)? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? (?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????). ????? ???? (Case Finding) ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? (????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????). ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? .

????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ≪ ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ≫ ????? ???????. ^[?]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ "To Screen or Not to Screen? - The Benefits and Harms of Screening Tests" . NIH News in Health . National Institutes of Health . March 2017 . Retrieved 12 January 2020 . Screening tests are given to people who seem healthy to try to find unnoticed problems. They’re done before you have any signs or symptoms of the disease.
↑ O'Toole, Marie T., ed. (2013). Mosby's medical dictionary (9th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby. Kindle loc. 145535. ISBN 978-0-323-08541-0 . OCLC 788298656 . screening, n . , 1. a preliminary procedure, such as a test or examination, to detect the most characteristic sign or signs of a disorder that may require further investigation.
↑ "screening, n. " . Oxford English Dictionary . March 2017 . Retrieved 12 January 2020 . ... 8. a. Medical examination of a person or group to detect disease or abnormality, esp. as part of a broad survey rather than as a response to a request for treatment.
↑ O’Sullivan, Jack W; Albasri, Ali; Nicholson, Brian D; Perera, Rafael; Aronson, Jeffrey K; Roberts, Nia; Heneghan, Carl (11 February 2018). "Overtesting and undertesting in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis" . BMJ Open . 8 (2): e018557. doi : 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018557 . PMC 5829845 . PMID 29440142 .
↑ O’Sullivan, Jack W.; Heneghan, Carl; Perera, Rafael; Oke, Jason; Aronson, Jeffrey K.; Shine, Brian; Goldacre, Ben (19 March 2018). "Variation in diagnostic test requests and outcomes: a preliminary metric for OpenPathology.net" . Scientific Reports . 8 (1): 4752. Bibcode : 2018NatSR...8.4752O . doi : 10.1038/s41598-018-23263-z . PMC 5859290 . PMID 29556075 .
↑ Screening and Diagnostic Tests ?? ?????????
↑ Hall, Harriet (2019). "Too Many Medical Tests". Skeptical Inquirer . 43 (3): 25?27.

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Screening (Medicine) ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? .

?????? ????? [ ?????? ]

[1] "To Screen or Not to Screen? - The Benefits and Harms of Screening Tests" . NIH News in Health . National Institutes of Health . March 2017 . Retrieved 12 January 2020 . Screening tests are given to people who seem healthy to try to find unnoticed problems. They’re done before you have any signs or symptoms of the disease.

[2] O'Toole, Marie T., ed. (2013). Mosby's medical dictionary (9th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby. Kindle loc. 145535. ISBN 978-0-323-08541-0 . OCLC 788298656 . screening, n . , 1. a preliminary procedure, such as a test or examination, to detect the most characteristic sign or signs of a disorder that may require further investigation.

[3] "screening, n. " . Oxford English Dictionary . March 2017 . Retrieved 12 January 2020 . ... 8. a. Medical examination of a person or group to detect disease or abnormality, esp. as part of a broad survey rather than as a response to a request for treatment.

[4] O’Sullivan, Jack W; Albasri, Ali; Nicholson, Brian D; Perera, Rafael; Aronson, Jeffrey K; Roberts, Nia; Heneghan, Carl (11 February 2018). "Overtesting and undertesting in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis" . BMJ Open . 8 (2): e018557. doi : 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018557 . PMC 5829845 . PMID 29440142 .

[5] O’Sullivan, Jack W.; Heneghan, Carl; Perera, Rafael; Oke, Jason; Aronson, Jeffrey K.; Shine, Brian; Goldacre, Ben (19 March 2018). "Variation in diagnostic test requests and outcomes: a preliminary metric for OpenPathology.net" . Scientific Reports . 8 (1): 4752. Bibcode : 2018NatSR...8.4752O . doi : 10.1038/s41598-018-23263-z . PMC 5859290 . PMID 29556075 .

[6] Screening and Diagnostic Tests ?? ?????????

[7] Hall, Harriet (2019). "Too Many Medical Tests". Skeptical Inquirer . 43 (3): 25?27.

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