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?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????. ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ≪?????? ?????≫ ?????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????. ^[?]

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??? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????-???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??. ^[?]

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?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????-?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???.

??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????-?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??. ^[?]

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????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???. ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????. ^[?]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Encyclopedia Britannica. (n.d.). Hellenistic Age. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Hellenistic-Age History.com Editors. (2019, November 18). Hellenistic Greece. In HISTORY. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/hellenistic-greece Mark, J. J. (2021, March 16). Hellenistic Period. In Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from https://www.ancient.eu/hellenistic-period/ ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}
↑ Grabbe, L. L. (2010). Judaism from Cyrus to Hadrian. Fortress Press. Schiffman, L. H. (2011). From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. Stern, S. J. (1992). Jewish Identity in Early Rabbinic Writings. Brill.
↑ Tafazzoli, A. (2017). Iranian Jewish Presence: Dynamics of a Minority's Culture, History, and Community. In The Jews of Iran (pp. 19-35). Brill. Zargari, A. (2014). Iranian Jews and TheirCultural Interactions in the Hellenistic World. Journal of Persianate Studies, 7(2), 210-229. doi: 10.1163/18747167-12341267
↑ Walbank, F. W. (1993). The Hellenistic World (Rev. ed.). Harvard University Press.

????????? [ ?????? ]

Alexander The Great and the Hellenistic Age. Green P. ISBN 978-0-7538-2413-9

[1] Encyclopedia Britannica. (n.d.). Hellenistic Age. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Hellenistic-Age History.com Editors. (2019, November 18). Hellenistic Greece. In HISTORY. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/hellenistic-greece Mark, J. J. (2021, March 16). Hellenistic Period. In Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from https://www.ancient.eu/hellenistic-period/ ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}

[2] Grabbe, L. L. (2010). Judaism from Cyrus to Hadrian. Fortress Press. Schiffman, L. H. (2011). From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. Stern, S. J. (1992). Jewish Identity in Early Rabbinic Writings. Brill.

[3] Tafazzoli, A. (2017). Iranian Jewish Presence: Dynamics of a Minority's Culture, History, and Community. In The Jews of Iran (pp. 19-35). Brill. Zargari, A. (2014). Iranian Jews and TheirCultural Interactions in the Hellenistic World. Journal of Persianate Studies, 7(2), 210-229. doi: 10.1163/18747167-12341267

[4] Walbank, F. W. (1993). The Hellenistic World (Rev. ed.). Harvard University Press.

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