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??
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????? ?????? ???? ????
???? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????.
?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????
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?
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? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ????? ?? ??????????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????.
- ↑
Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarstrom, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013).
"???? ????? ???? ????"
.
Glottolog 2.2
. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- Unn Gyda Næss (2008). "Gulf Pidgin Arabic": Individual Strategies Or a Structured Variety?: a Study of Some Features of the Linguistic Behaviour of Asian Migrants in the Gulf Countries.