????? ?????-?????

????? ?????-????? (?? ??????? : public?private partnership ) (PPP? 3P ?? P3) ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ^[?]?? ????? ????? ????(??) ? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????. ^[?]?? ???? ?? PPP?? ?????? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ?????????? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ? ??? ? ????????? ?? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????.

PPP?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???. PPP?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ^[?]????? ??? ????? ?? PPP ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? PPP ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ^[?]???????? P3 ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????.

?? ????? ?????-?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????.

???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ???. ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????. ^[?] ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ????.

????? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? PPP ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ???. ?????? PPP??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ???.

?? ????? ????? OECD ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ????? ≪??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????????.≫

??? ???????? Weimer and Vining? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????.

?????????? [ ?????? ]

?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? P3?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ≪??????????≫ ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????. P3?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????.

?????? P3 ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? P3?? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? P3 ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? P3?? ?? ≪?????????? ???? ????????≫ ????? ??????. ^[?]

???? ?????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ≪????????≫ ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ????????. ^[?]??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? Philadelphia ? Lancaster Turnpike ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ^[?] ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ????.

?????? ?????-????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

??? ?????? ?????-????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ≪?????? ????? - ?????≫ ????? ???. ?????? ?????-????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? - ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Hodge, Graeme A.; Greve, Carsten (2007-05). "Public?Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review" . Public Administration Review . 67 (3): 545?558. doi : 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00736.x . ISSN 0033-3352 . {{ cite journal }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )
↑ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. pp. 551. ISBN 978-0-415-25225-6 .
↑ Marsilio, Marta; Cappellaro, Giulia; Cuccurullo, Corrado (2011-09). "The Intellectual Structure Of Research Into PPPs" . Public Management Review . 13 (6): 763?782. doi : 10.1080/14719037.2010.539112 . ISSN 1471-9037 . {{ cite journal }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )
↑ Hodge, Graeme A.; Greve, Carsten (2016-08). "On Public?Private Partnership Performance" . Public Works Management & Policy . 22 (1): 55?78. doi : 10.1177/1087724x16657830 . ISSN 1087-724X . {{ cite journal }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )
↑ Barlow, J. , Roehrich, J.K. and Wright, S. (2013). Europe Sees Mixed Results From Public-Private Partnerships For Building And Managing Health Care Facilities And Services. Health Affairs. 32(1):146-154 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23297282
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public?private_partnership . ??????? |?????= ?? |title= ??????? ?? ???? ( ??? )
↑ Karabell, Zachary (2003). Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-375-40883-0 .
↑ Buxbaum, Jeffrey N (2009). Public Sector Decision Making for Public-private Partnerships. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-309-09829-8 .

????? [ ?????? ]

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ public?private partnership ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ????.

[1] Hodge, Graeme A.; Greve, Carsten (2007-05). "Public?Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review" . Public Administration Review . 67 (3): 545?558. doi : 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00736.x . ISSN 0033-3352 . {{ cite journal }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )

[2] Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. pp. 551. ISBN 978-0-415-25225-6 .

[3] Marsilio, Marta; Cappellaro, Giulia; Cuccurullo, Corrado (2011-09). "The Intellectual Structure Of Research Into PPPs" . Public Management Review . 13 (6): 763?782. doi : 10.1080/14719037.2010.539112 . ISSN 1471-9037 . {{ cite journal }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )

[4] Hodge, Graeme A.; Greve, Carsten (2016-08). "On Public?Private Partnership Performance" . Public Works Management & Policy . 22 (1): 55?78. doi : 10.1177/1087724x16657830 . ISSN 1087-724X . {{ cite journal }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )

[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-5] Barlow, J. , Roehrich, J.K. and Wright, S. (2013). Europe Sees Mixed Results From Public-Private Partnerships For Building And Managing Health Care Facilities And Services. Health Affairs. 32(1):146-154 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23297282

[6] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public?private_partnership . ??????? |?????= ?? |title= ??????? ?? ???? ( ??? )

[7] Karabell, Zachary (2003). Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-375-40883-0 .

[8] Buxbaum, Jeffrey N (2009). Public Sector Decision Making for Public-private Partnerships. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-309-09829-8 .

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