??????? ?????? (???????????)

??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? (??????? ? ?? ?? ??????) ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ^[?]

???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ≪??? ??????≫ ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ≪??????≫ ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ≪???≫ ????????. ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ≪??????≫ ??? ????? (???? ? ????) ?? ?? ???????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ≪???≫ (???? ? ??????) ?????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ≪??? ??????≫ ??? ?? ????? saeculum obscurum ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???. ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ≪????? ???? ???? ? ??????≫ ???. ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ^[?]

?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ≪????? ??????≫ ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (??? ? ?? ?? ??????) ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ≪???? ??? ????≫ ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ^[?] ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ??????. ^[?]

?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ??.

???? ???? (????????? ??????) ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????.

?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???. ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? (???? ??? ???).

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Abels, Richard (1998). Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England. Harlow, UK: Longman. p. 23. ISBN 0-582-04047-7 .
↑ "Definition of DARK AGE" . www.merriam-webster.com .
↑ Franklin, James (1982). "The Renaissance Myth" . Quadrant . 26 (11): 51?60.
↑ Judy (2006-11-30). "The European Miracle" . Mises Institute (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2021-10-27 .

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

"Dark Ages" in ???????? ?????????
"Decline and fall of the Roman myth" by ??? ????
"Why the Middle Ages are called the Dark Ages"
Alban Gautier, " De l'usage des Dark Ages en histoire medievale ", portail Menestrel, 2017 (in French)

[1] Abels, Richard (1998). Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England. Harlow, UK: Longman. p. 23. ISBN 0-582-04047-7 .

[Merriam-Webster-2] "Definition of DARK AGE" . www.merriam-webster.com .

[Franklin-3] Franklin, James (1982). "The Renaissance Myth" . Quadrant . 26 (11): 51?60.

[4] Judy (2006-11-30). "The European Miracle" . Mises Institute (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2021-10-27 .

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