?????? ??? ???

?????? ??? ??? (?? ??????? : Age class structure ) ?? ?????? ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???. ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ???. ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???. ^[?] ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ? ????????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ^[?] ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???. ^[?] ?? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??? ?? ????. ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????. ^[?] ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????. ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ^[?] ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???. ^[?] ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????. ^[?]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Wagner, C. E. Van (1978-06-01). "Age-class distribution and the forest fire cycle" . Canadian Journal of Forest Research . 8 (2): 220?227. doi : 10.1139/x78-034 . ISSN 0045-5067 .
↑ ^??? ^??? O’Sullivan, Sandra (2007). Fisheries Long Term Monitoring Program . Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries.
↑ Field, I.C. , Meekan, M.G. & Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2009). Development of non-lethal methods for determining age and habitat use of sawfishes from northern Australia . Australia: Australian Department of the Environment and Energy.
↑ ^??? ^??? "MANUAL OF FISHERIES SCIENCE Part 2 - Methods of Resource Investigation and their Application" . www.fao.org . Retrieved 2018-03-24.
↑ Lux, Fred E. "Age Determination in Fishes". Washington, DC, United States: United States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Available at http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/Fishery%20Leaflets/leaflet488.pdf . Accessed 24/03/2018.

[1] Wagner, C. E. Van (1978-06-01). "Age-class distribution and the forest fire cycle" . Canadian Journal of Forest Research . 8 (2): 220?227. doi : 10.1139/x78-034 . ISSN 0045-5067 .

[:0-2] ??? ^??? O’Sullivan, Sandra (2007). Fisheries Long Term Monitoring Program . Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries.

[3] Field, I.C. , Meekan, M.G. & Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2009). Development of non-lethal methods for determining age and habitat use of sawfishes from northern Australia . Australia: Australian Department of the Environment and Energy.

[:1-4] ??? ^??? "MANUAL OF FISHERIES SCIENCE Part 2 - Methods of Resource Investigation and their Application" . www.fao.org . Retrieved 2018-03-24.

[5] Lux, Fred E. "Age Determination in Fishes". Washington, DC, United States: United States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Available at http://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/Fishery%20Leaflets/leaflet488.pdf . Accessed 24/03/2018.

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