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?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????. ^[??]

?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????. ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ^[??]

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????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???. ^[??] ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??. ^[??] ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????. ^[??] ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? - ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????. ^[??]

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?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???. ??????? (?????) ? ????? (?????) ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???. ^[??] ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???. ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???. ^[??]

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↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? MentorNet (2003). The Underrepresentation of Women in Engineering and Related Sciences: Pursuing Two Complementary Paths to Parity (?? ???????). National Academies Press (US).
↑ ^??? ^??? Society of Women Engineers Blog. "History of Women Engineers" . All Together Society Of Women Engineers . Society of Women Engineers. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017 . Retrieved 10 November 2017 .
↑ Bix, Amy Sue, "'Engineeresses' Invade Campus: Four decades of debate over technical coeducation." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 19 Nr. 1 (Spring 2000), 21.
↑ Bix, Amy Sue (2013). Girls coming to tech!: a history of American engineering education for women . Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. pp. 14?43 . ISBN 978-0-262-01954-5 .
↑ Yang, Juemei (2016). The impact of power status on gender stereotypes, sexism, and gender discrimination toward women in the workplace and the career identity development of women . The University of North Dakota: The University of North Dakota. pp. 1?20.
↑ Abbate, Janet. "Recoding Gender: Women's Changing Participation in Computing" . MIT Press.
↑ Thompson, Clive (2019-02-13). "The Secret History of Women in Coding" . New York Times . Retrieved 2019-02-13 .
↑ Carter, Ruth (1989-12-01). Women in Engineering: A Good Place To Be? (?? ???????). Macmillan International Higher Education. ISBN 978-1-349-20409-0 . ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}
↑ Jones, Brett D.; Ruff, Chloe; Paretti, Marie C. (2013). "The impact of engineering identification and stereotypes on undergraduate women's achievement and persistence in engineering". Social Psychology of Education . 16 (3): 471?493. doi : 10.1007/s11218-013-9222-x . S2CID 144031559 .
↑ Hill, Catherine; Corbett, Christine; St. Rose, Andresse (2010). "Why So Few?: Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics" (PDF) . AAUW. {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )
↑ "Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics" . AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881 (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-10-03 .
↑ Buse, Kathleen; Bilimoria, Diana; Perelli, Sheri (2013). "Why they stay: women persisting in US engineering careers". Career Development International . 18 (2): 139?154. doi : 10.1108/CDI-11-2012-0108 .
↑ ^???? ^???? Blaisdell, Stephanie (1994). "Factors In The Underrepresentation Of Women In Science and Engineering: A Review Of The Literature" . Penn State University : 167?168 . Retrieved 17 November 2017 .
↑ Franzway, Suzanne; Sharp, Rhonda; Mills, Julie E; Gill, Judith (2009). "Engineering Ignorance: The Problem of Gender Equity in Engineering". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies . 30 (1): 90. doi : 10.1353/fro.0.0039 . S2CID 144127186 .
↑ "Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Quick Take" . Catalyst (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .
↑ "Higher Education Student Statistics: UK, 2016/17 - Subjects studied | HESA" . www.hesa.ac.uk . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .
↑ "Canada Undergraduate Enrollment" . Research and Trends for Women in STEM (?? ???????). 2016-08-18 . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .
↑ Bendemra, Hamza. "Caught short: a snapshot of Australian engineering" . The Conversation (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .
↑ Committee on the Guide to Recruiting and Advancing Women Scientists and Engineers in Academia, Committee on Women in Science and Engineering, and National Research Council (2006). To Recruit and Advance : Women Students and Faculty in U.S. Science and Engineering . National Academic Press. p. 26. {{ cite book }}: ??????? ??????:??????? ?????:????? ????????? ( link )
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? Myers, Jennifer (9 Nov 2010). "Why more women aren't becoming engineers" . Retrieved 24 Mar 2013 .
↑ "Canadian Engineers for Tomorrow | Engineers Canada" . engineerscanada.ca . Archived from the original on 28 February 2021 . Retrieved 2019-06-23 .
↑ "Useful Statistics | Women's Engineering Society" . www.wes.org.uk . Archived from the original on 18 March 2021 . Retrieved 2019-10-21 .
↑ "Engineering gender pay gap in the UK less than feared, but still requires action" . Royal Academy of Engineering . 2020-01-28. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021 . Retrieved 2020-06-08 .
↑ Excell, Jon (2017-06-20). "How big is the gender pay gap in UK engineering?" . The Engineer (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-10-21 .

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Women in engineering ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ????.

[MentorNet_2003-1] ??? ^??? ^??? MentorNet (2003). The Underrepresentation of Women in Engineering and Related Sciences: Pursuing Two Complementary Paths to Parity (?? ???????). National Academies Press (US).

[SWE-2] ??? ^??? Society of Women Engineers Blog. "History of Women Engineers" . All Together Society Of Women Engineers . Society of Women Engineers. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017 . Retrieved 10 November 2017 .

[Bix-3] Bix, Amy Sue, "'Engineeresses' Invade Campus: Four decades of debate over technical coeducation." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 19 Nr. 1 (Spring 2000), 21.

[4] Bix, Amy Sue (2013). Girls coming to tech!: a history of American engineering education for women . Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. pp. 14?43 . ISBN 978-0-262-01954-5 .

[Power_Status_Stereotypes-5] Yang, Juemei (2016). The impact of power status on gender stereotypes, sexism, and gender discrimination toward women in the workplace and the career identity development of women . The University of North Dakota: The University of North Dakota. pp. 1?20.

[6] Abbate, Janet. "Recoding Gender: Women's Changing Participation in Computing" . MIT Press.

[Thompson-7] Thompson, Clive (2019-02-13). "The Secret History of Women in Coding" . New York Times . Retrieved 2019-02-13 .

[8] Carter, Ruth (1989-12-01). Women in Engineering: A Good Place To Be? (?? ???????). Macmillan International Higher Education. ISBN 978-1-349-20409-0 . ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}

[9] Jones, Brett D.; Ruff, Chloe; Paretti, Marie C. (2013). "The impact of engineering identification and stereotypes on undergraduate women's achievement and persistence in engineering". Social Psychology of Education . 16 (3): 471?493. doi : 10.1007/s11218-013-9222-x . S2CID 144031559 .

[:0-10] Hill, Catherine; Corbett, Christine; St. Rose, Andresse (2010). "Why So Few?: Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics" (PDF) . AAUW. {{ cite journal }}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )

[11] "Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics" . AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881 (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-10-03 .

[12] Buse, Kathleen; Bilimoria, Diana; Perelli, Sheri (2013). "Why they stay: women persisting in US engineering careers". Career Development International . 18 (2): 139?154. doi : 10.1108/CDI-11-2012-0108 .

[Blaisdell-13] ???? ^???? Blaisdell, Stephanie (1994). "Factors In The Underrepresentation Of Women In Science and Engineering: A Review Of The Literature" . Penn State University : 167?168 . Retrieved 17 November 2017 .

[franzway-14] Franzway, Suzanne; Sharp, Rhonda; Mills, Julie E; Gill, Judith (2009). "Engineering Ignorance: The Problem of Gender Equity in Engineering". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies . 30 (1): 90. doi : 10.1353/fro.0.0039 . S2CID 144127186 .

[15] "Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Quick Take" . Catalyst (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .

[16] "Higher Education Student Statistics: UK, 2016/17 - Subjects studied | HESA" . www.hesa.ac.uk . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .

[17] "Canada Undergraduate Enrollment" . Research and Trends for Women in STEM (?? ???????). 2016-08-18 . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .

[18] Bendemra, Hamza. "Caught short: a snapshot of Australian engineering" . The Conversation (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .

[Recruiting-19] Committee on the Guide to Recruiting and Advancing Women Scientists and Engineers in Academia, Committee on Women in Science and Engineering, and National Research Council (2006). To Recruit and Advance : Women Students and Faculty in U.S. Science and Engineering . National Academic Press. p. 26. {{ cite book }}: ??????? ??????:??????? ?????:????? ????????? ( link )

[Myers-20] ???? ^???? ^???? Myers, Jennifer (9 Nov 2010). "Why more women aren't becoming engineers" . Retrieved 24 Mar 2013 .

[21] "Canadian Engineers for Tomorrow | Engineers Canada" . engineerscanada.ca . Archived from the original on 28 February 2021 . Retrieved 2019-06-23 .

[22] "Useful Statistics | Women's Engineering Society" . www.wes.org.uk . Archived from the original on 18 March 2021 . Retrieved 2019-10-21 .

[23] "Engineering gender pay gap in the UK less than feared, but still requires action" . Royal Academy of Engineering . 2020-01-28. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021 . Retrieved 2020-06-08 .

[24] Excell, Jon (2017-06-20). "How big is the gender pay gap in UK engineering?" . The Engineer (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2019-10-21 .

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?????	History and philosophy of science ????? ???? and technology ????? ??????
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