한국   대만   중국   일본 
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Catalan?Valencian?Balearic
catala
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???????? stan1289 [?]
?????????? 51-AAA-e
Domínio geolinguístico do catalão
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???? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ??????????? (?? ??????? : Catala ) ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????. [?] ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????-???????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????.

????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????. ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? (Paisos Catalans) ????????. ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???. ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? (???? ???????? ) ??? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? (???? ??????? ) ??? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ???????

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???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???. ???? ?? ??????????? ????????? (Catalunya) ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? (Gathia Launia) ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ≪?????? ?????? ≫ ???. [?] [?]

??? ??????? (catala) ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? (valencia) ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ≪?????????≫ ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????. [?]

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?? ???? ???? ? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ????. [?] ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? (?????????)? ???? ?????? ???? (??????? ?????) ? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? (?????????) ?? ??? ??? ????. [?] ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????. [?] ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???. [?] ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. [??] ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ≪??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????≫ ????????. [??]

???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? (????) ?? ??????? ? [?] ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????. [?] ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???. [??] [??]

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????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? (????)? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???.

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?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???. ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????. [??]

???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????-???????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? [??] ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ???.

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???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? (????) ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ( ??????? ??????? ?? Renaixenca )? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????????. [??] ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? (????) ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? (???)? ???? (???? ????????) ? ?????? (????) ????? ??. [??]

?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??. [??] ?????? ??? ??????? (???? ?? ????) ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????. [??] ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ???? ????? ???. [??] [??] ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????. ?????????? ???????????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????. ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. [??]

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?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? (?????????)? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????. [??] ?? ????????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????. [??] ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? [??] ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? - ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????. [??] ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????. [??]

?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????????. [??] ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????: ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????????. [??] ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? (Consorci per a la Normalitzacio Linguistica) ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ???? ????? ??????. [??] [??]

?? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????. [??] ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????. [??]

?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???. ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? (?? ??? ????) ?????. [??] ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. [??] ????? ?????? La Bressola ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??????.

?? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????. [??] ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ? ? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????. [??]

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???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????????-???? ???????? ????-???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????.

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??? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???: ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ????????? ? ? ??? ?? ????????? . [??]

?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? [??] [??]
???? ??????? ??????? ( ????????? ) ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????
??????? cosi cosin fradili cugino cousin primo primo v?r
????? germa fraire fradi fratello frere hermano irmao frate
????????? nebot nebot nebodi nipote neveu sobrino sobrinho nepot
??????? estiu estiu istadi estate ete verano , estio [??] verao , estio [??] var?
??? vespre ser , vespre seru sera soir tarde, noche [??] tarde , serao [??] sear?
??? mati matin mangianu mattina matin manana manha , matina diminea??
???? ???? paella padena paella padella poele sarten frigideira, fritadeira tigaie
??? llit liech , leit letu letto lit cama , lecho cama , leito pat
????? ocell , au aucel pilloni uccello oiseau ave , pajaro ave , passaro pas?re
?? gos , ca gos , canh cani cane chien perro , can cao , cachorro caine
??? pruna pruna pruna prugna prune ciruela ameixa prun?
???? mantega bodre burru, butiru burro beurre mantequilla, manteca manteiga unt
??? tros troc , petac arrogu pezzo morceau , piece pedazo , trozo [??] pedaco , bocado bucat?
??????? gris gris canu grigio gris gris , pardo [??] cinza , gris gri , [??] sur , cenu?iu
??? calent caud callenti caldo chaud caliente quente fierbinte
????? massa trop tropu troppo trop de mas iado de mais , de mas iado prea
?????? voler voler bolli(ri) volere vouloir querer querer a vrea
????? prendre prene , prendre pigai prendere prendre tomar , prender apanhar, levar a lua
???? ?????? pregar pregar pregai pregare prier orar orar, rezar, pregar a se ruga
?????? demanar / preguntar demandar dimandai, preguntai domandare demander pedir , preguntar pedir, perguntar a cere, a intreba
???? cercar / buscar cercar circai cercare chercher buscar procurar , buscar a c?uta
???? ??? arribar arribar arribai arrivare arriver llegar , arribar chegar a ajunge
??? ???? parlar parlar chistionnai, fueddai parlare parler hablar , parlar falar , palrar a vorbi
????? menjar manjar pappai mangiare manger comer comer ( papar in slang), manjar a manca

???????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

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????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????. ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????

?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? (Paisos Catalans) ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????.

??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? [??]
???? ?????? ??? ???????
?????? آندورا ?????? Andorra
?????? کاتالونیا ?????????? ????? Catalunya Nord
??????? کاتالونیا ????????? Catalunya
بخش خودمختار والنسیا ??? ???????? ??????? Comunitat Valenciana
آراگون ?? ?????? La Franja
جزایر بالئاری ????? ??????? Illes Balears
مورسیا ????? El Carxe
??????? ????? L'Alguer

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???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???. ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???. [??] ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????. [??] ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???. ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????????. [??] ??? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????.

??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? (?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???). [??] ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????. ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???. ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????. [??]

????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? (??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??) ? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????: ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? (?????????)? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? (?????????) ? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? (???????). [??] ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? [??] ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????: ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????????.

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کاتالونیا ??????   ?????? ??????? ???????
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آراگون ?? ?????? ( ?????? )   ??????? ?????? ??????
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مورسیا ????? ( ?????? )   ??????? ?????? ??????
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????? ???? A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
???????? ????????? A C E E I I L·L O O U U

??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????. [??] ????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???. [??] ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (IEC? ????? ?? ????) ??????? Normes ortografiques ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? Normes de Castello ?? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???.

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??????? ?????
Tenia prop de divuit anys quan vaig coneixer ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??
en Raul, a l'estacio de Manresa. ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???.
El meu pare havia mort, inesperadament i encara jove, ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????
un parell d'anys abans, i d'aquells temps ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???
conservo un record de punyent solitud. ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????????.
Les meves relacions amb la mare ????? ?? ?? ?????
no havien pas millorat, tot el contrari, ????? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ?????
potser fins i tot empitjoraven ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.
a mesura que em feia gran. ???????? ?? ???? ??????
No existia, no existi mai entre nosaltres, ??? ??? ??? ??
una comunitat d'interessos, d'afeccions. ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????
Cal creure que cercava... una persona ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????
en qui centrar la meva vida afectiva. ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ "ethnologue" . Retrieved 14 November 2017 .
  2. ↑ "InformeCAT 50 dades sobre la llengua catalana" (PDF) (?? Catalan). 7 June 2018. {{ cite web }} : ??????? ??????:???? ???????? ( link ) Report on the Catalan language by Plataforma per la Llengua based on recent reference sociolinguistic surveys
  3. ↑ ??? ??? Some Iberian scholars may alternatively classify Catalan as ???????? ????????-???? .
  4. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarstrom, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Catalan" . Glottolog 2.2 . Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. {{ cite book }} : Invalid |display-editors=4 ( help )
  5. ↑ Minder, Raphael (21 November 2016). "Italy's Last Bastion of Catalan Language Struggles to Keep It Alive" . The New York Times . Retrieved 21 January 2017 .
  6. ↑ Garcia Venero, Maximiano (7 July 2006). Historia del nacionalismo catalan: 2a edicion . Ed. Nacional . Retrieved 25 April 2010 .
  7. ↑ Burke, Ulrik Ralph (1900). A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic . Longmans, Green, and co. p.  154 .
  8. ↑ Academia Valenciana de la Llengua (9 February 2005). "Acord de l'Academia Valenciana de la Llengua (AVL), adoptat en la reunio plenaria del 9 de febrer del 2005, pel qual s'aprova el dictamen sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominacio i l'entitat del valencia" (PDF) (?? Valencian). p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015 . Retrieved 16 February 2013 .
  9. ↑ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Costa Carreras & Yates .
  10. ↑ ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? Costa Carreras & Yates 2009 .
  11. ↑ Moran 2004 .
  12. ↑ Riquer 1964 .
  13. ↑ ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? Wheeler 2010 .
  14. ↑ Trobes en llaors de la Verge Maria ("Poems of praise of the Virgin Mary") 1474.
  15. ↑ " L'interdiction de la langue catalane en Roussillon par Louis XIV " (PDF) . "CRDP, Academie de Montpellier. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2010.
  16. ↑ Marfany 2002 .
  17. ↑ " Charte en faveur du Catalan " . Archived from the original on 22 December 2012 . Retrieved 18 June 2010 . " La catalanitat a la Catalunya Nord " . Archived from the original on 9 March 2011 . Retrieved 13 March 2011 .
  18. ↑ Costa Carreras 2007 .
  19. ↑ ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? Wheeler 2005 .
  20. ↑ Burgen, Stephen (22 November 2012). "Catalan: a language that has survived against the odds" . The Guardian (?? ???????) . Retrieved 18 January 2017 .
  21. ↑ Boada, Irene. "The rebirth of Catalan: how a once-banned language is thriving" . The Conversation (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2020-12-04 .
  22. ↑ ???? ???? ???? Wheeler 2003 .
  23. ↑ Armora, Esther (9 September 2013). "Cataluna ordena incumplir las sentencias sobre el castellano en las escuelas" [Catalonia orders violate the judgments on the Castilian in schools]. ABC (?? ?????????) . Retrieved 10 September 2013 .
  24. ↑ "Idescat. Annual indicators. Language uses. First language, language of identification and habitual language. Results" . Institut d’Estadistica de Catalunya .
  25. ↑ "Idescat. Demographics and quality of life. Language uses. First language, language of identification and habitual language. 2003. Results" . Institut d’Estadistica de Catalunya (?? ???????) . Retrieved 21 January 2017 .
  26. ↑ "2010 Language Policy Report" . Generalitat de Catalunya . Archived from the original on 15 April 2014.
  27. ↑ "CPNL" .
  28. ↑ Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2018). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition" . Ethnologue . Dallas, Texas: SIL International . Retrieved 30 March 2018 .
  29. ↑ Jud 1925 .
  30. ↑ Colon 1993 , pp. 33?35.
  31. ↑ ???? ???? Portuguese and Spanish have estiagem and estiaje , respectively, for drought, dry season or low water levels.
  32. ↑ ???? ???? Portuguese and Spanish have vespera and vispera , respectively, for eve, or the day before.
  33. ↑ Spanish also has trozo , and it is actually a borrowing from Catalan tros . Colon 1993, p 39. Portuguese has troco , but aside from also being a loanword, it has a very different meaning: "thing", "gadget", "tool", "paraphernalia".
  34. ↑ Modern Spanish also has gris , but it is a modern borrowing from Occitan. The original word was pardo , which stands for "reddish, yellow-orange, medium-dark and of moderate to weak saturation. It also can mean ochre, pale ochre, dark ohre, brownish, tan, greyish, grey, desaturated, dirty, dark, or opaque." Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2001). Diccionario Akal del color (?? ?????????). Akal. ISBN   978-84-460-1083-8 .
  35. ↑ A 20th century introduction from French.
  36. ↑ Wheeler 2005 , p. 1.
  37. ↑ "Sociolinguistic situation in Catalan-speaking areas. Tables. Official data about the sociolinguistic situation in Catalan-speaking areas: Catalonia (2003), Andorra (2004), the Balearic Islands (2004), Aragonese Border (2004), Northern Catalonia (2004), Alghero (2004) and Valencian Community (2004)" . Generalitat of Catalonia . 7 August 2008 . Retrieved 13 March 2012 .
  38. ↑ Catalan, language of Europe (PDF) , Generalitat of Catalonia , archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2012 , retrieved 13 March 2012
  39. ↑ Poblacion segun lengua habitual. Datos comparados 2003?2008. Cataluna. Ano 2008 , Encuesta de Usos Linguisticos de la poblacion (2003 y 2008), Instituto de Estadistica de Cataluna
  40. ↑ Informe sobre la situacio de la llengua catalana [ Report on the situation of the Catalan language ] (PDF) , Xarxa CRUSCAT, 2011, archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2013
  41. ↑ Geli, Carles (8 July 2019). "El uso del catalan crece: lo entiende el 94,4% y lo habla el 81,2%" . El Pais (?? ?????????). ISSN   1134-6582 . Retrieved 8 July 2019 .
  42. ↑ Departament d'Estadistica. Ajuntament de Barcelona (2011). "Coneixement del catala: Evolucio de les caracteristiques de la poblacio de Barcelona (Knowledge of Catalan in Barcelona)" . Ajuntament de Barcelona (?? ???????). Archived from the original on 31 December 2015 . Retrieved 13 November 2015 .
  43. ↑ "Coneixement del catala: Evolucio de les caracteristiques de la poblacio de Barcelona (Knowledge of Catalan in Barcelona)" . Ajuntament de Barcelona (?? ???????). 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015 . Retrieved 13 November 2015 .
  44. ↑ ???? ???? Sources:
    • Catalonia: Statistic data of 2001 census, from Institut d'Estadistica de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya [?] .
    • Land of Valencia: Statistical data from 2001 census, from Institut Valencia d'Estadistica, Generalitat Valenciana "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2005 . Retrieved 23 June 2005 . {{ cite web }} : ??????? ??????:????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ( link ) .
    • Land of Valencia: Statistical data from 2001 census, from Institut Valencia d'Estadistica, Generalitat Valenciana [?] ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine .
    • Balearic Islands: Statistical data from 2001 census, from Institut Balear d'Estadistica, Govern de les Illes Balears [?] ??????????? ?? ? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine .
    • Northern Catalonia: Media Pluriel Survey commissioned by Prefecture of ??????? ?????? done in October 1997 and published in January 1998 "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 14 April 2005 . Retrieved 23 June 2005 . {{ cite web }} : ??????? ??????:????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ( link ) .
    • Andorra: Sociolinguistic data from Andorran Government, 1999.
    • Aragon: Sociolinguistic data from Euromosaic [?] .
    • Alguer: Sociolinguistic data from Euromosaic [?] .
    • Rest of World: Estimate for 1999 by the Federacio d'Entitats Catalanes outside the Catalan Countries.
  45. ↑ "Enquesta d'usos linguistics de la poblacio. 2018" [Survey of the linguistic usage of the population. 2018]. IDESCAT/Generalitat de Catalunya (?? ???????). 2019.
  46. ↑ ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? Feldhausen 2010 .
  47. ↑ ???? ???? Carbonell & Llisterri 1999 .
  48. ↑ ???? ???? ???? Enciclopedia Catalana .
  49. ↑ Costa Carreras 2009 .
  50. ↑ ???? ???? ???? Moll 1958 .
  51. ↑ Central Catalan has 90% to 95% inherent intelligibility for speakers of Valencian (1989 R. Hall, Jr.), cited in Ethnologue .
  52. ↑ Dictamen de l'Academia Valenciana de la Llengua sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominacio i l'entitat del valencia [ Resolution of the Academia Valenciana de la Llengua concerning the principles and criteria for protecting the name and identity of Valencian ] (PDF) (?? Valencian), Academia Valenciana de la Llengua , 2005, archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015
  53. ↑ ???? ???? ???? Feldhausen 2010 , p. 5.
  54. ↑ Wheeler 2005 , pp. 2?3.
  55. ↑ ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? Swan 2001 .
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