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??????? ?????? ??????? [?] ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? [?] ? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? (?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ). ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????. [??]

??????? ?????? ??? ?????? / ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????. [??]

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????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ? ??? ? ?????? ??? … ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????. ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???. ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???. - ??? ???? ?? ????? Sun Tsu , Art of War [??]

???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ("?????????" ?? "???????" ?? ???????? ????????) ?? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???. [??] ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? - ???? (?????????) ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ??.

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?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? - ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? - ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????. ?? ???????? ? ????? ???????? (????)? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? (????) ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????????. ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????.

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?????? ??? ?????? ???? [??] ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????:

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?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? - ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????. [??] [??] ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???.

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???? ???? ? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ( ??????? )? ? ?????? ????? ???? ( ?????? ????? ) ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????: ?????????????? ????????? ? ????? ???? ???? ???. [??]

?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???. ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? [??] ??? ?? ????? ≪?????? ??????≫ ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???????? ≪????? ????≫ ???? ???????. ???? ??? ≪???????≫ ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???. ????? ???????? ≪??????? ???≫ ???? ???????. [??]

??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????. ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????: ????? ??????? (?? ?? ?? ≪????? ????????≫ ??? ???? ??????)? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???. [??]

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?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???. ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???. [??] ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???.

??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. ??????????? ????? Frito-Lay? 3M, Goodrich, Michigan Bell ? Emery Air Transport ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. [??] ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.

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????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??. ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????. ????? ?????? (????) (? ???? ????? ) ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????. [??] ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ≪???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????.≫ [??]

???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ????????? ??????? ?????. ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???. ?? ?????? ?????? ≪??? ? ???≫ ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???. ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????- ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ≪??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????????≫? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???. [??] ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???: ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????- ????? ? ????? ???? ???.

??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? . ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????: ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? (????? ????) ?????? ? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? (????? ????) ????????. [??] ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ?? ????? ????-??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ≪????? ?????≫ ???? ???. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.

?????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ????? ???? (1973) [??] ? ????? ?? ????? ???? (????)? [??] ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???. [??] ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. [??]

????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? (????) ????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????. [??] ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??: ≪??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???≫. [??] ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ??? ???. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ????-??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???.

????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????

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????? ????? ??????? (Hackman & Walton, 1986; McGrath, 1962; Adair, 1988; Kouzes & Posner? ????) ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? (Fleishman et al. , 1991; Hackman & Wageman, 2005; Hackman & Walton? ????). ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? (??????? ?????? ? ?????? ????)? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? (??????? ????). ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (?? ????????? ? ??????? (????)? ?????? ? ??????? (????)? ????? ? ?????? (????)? ????? ? ?????? (????)? ??????? (????))? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? (????) ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???.

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????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? (???? ????? ?????? / ??????? ??????? ? ???????) ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. [??]

????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? (????) ??? ???? ???. [??] ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. [??] ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??:

  • ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
  • ?? ??? ??????? (????? ??? ???? "????"? "?????") ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????.
  • ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? / ??????? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ?… ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ????.
  • ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? " ???? ????? " ???? ?? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????.

????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ≪??????? ??????????≫ ?? ?? ???? ????? Businessballs ????????? ??. [??] ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?????????? ????? ???.

?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???:

  • ?? ???? ??? - ????? ????? ? ????? - ??? ≪??????≫ ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ≪???? ??? ?????≫ ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ??: (?) ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. (?) ???? ?????? ? ?????. (?) ???? ???? ?? ????? ????. (?) ?????? ? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???. ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????.
  • ??? - ????? ???? - ?? ??? ≪?????≫ ??? ? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???: (?) ???? ? ????? ??? (?) ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? - ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? (?) ???????? ?????????? - ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ???.

?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????. [??]

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?????? ??? ? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???. [??] [??] ???? ????????? (Burns? 1978) [??] ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???. ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???.

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??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? (VDL) ???. [??] [??] ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? / ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???. [??] [??]

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??? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???. ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? (????? ??????? ??? ????? ? [??] ?????-???? ???????? L'Hyperpolitique. Technologies politiques De La Domination [??] ).

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????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ??? M5 [??]

?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????. (Meindl & Ehrlich? ????). ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????. (Day & Lord, 1988; Kaiser, Hogan? & Craig? ????)

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?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? - ???? ?????????? ??????.

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????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????. [??]

?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???. ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???. ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ? ?????? ???. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ???. [??]

????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????.

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?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????????? ? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ???. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???. (??????? ????? ?????? ????). [???] [???]

????? ???? ??? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? (?? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ??? ? ???? ) ???. ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? Forsyth (2009) ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. [???] ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? (???? ?????????? ????) ? ?????? ????? (???? ???????? ???????) ????.

????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? [ ?????? ]

????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? - ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ? ?????? ???? ???? (Forsyth? 2009). [???] ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????. ? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????. (?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????).

????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ Chemers, M. (1997). An integrative theory of leadership . Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. ISBN   978-0-8058-2679-1 .
  2. ↑ ??? ??? Chin, Roger (2015). "Examining teamwork and leadership in the fields of public administration, leadership, and management". Team Performance Management . 21 (3/4): 199?216. doi : 10.1108/TPM-07-2014-0037 .
  3. ↑ Locke et al. 1991
  4. ↑ Goldsmith Marshall, "Leaders Make Values Visible" , 2016
  5. ↑ Richards & Engle, 1986, p. 206
  6. ↑ KSEEB. Sanskrit Text Book -9th Grade . Government of Karnataka, India.
  7. ↑ Guo, Xuezhi (2019). "Traditional Political Thought and Imperial Legacy". The Politics of the Core Leader in China: Culture, Institution, Legitimacy, and Power . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 139. ISBN   978-1-108-48049-9 . Retrieved 17 May 2019 . The Mandate of Heaven implies that the legitimacy of political leadership as well as its leading figures come from not only their political power derived from their positions and de facto dominance in the leadership but also their roles in bringing voluntary compliance from the high-ranking leaders and the population at large.
  8. ↑ For example: Gupta, Ashok Kumar (1991). Emerging Pattern of Political Leadership: A Case Study of Punjab . New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 12. ISBN   9788170992561 . Retrieved 17 May 2019 . The main theme of [Jose Ortega y Gasset's] theory of elite is that 'when the masses in a country believe that tbey can do without aristocracy, the nation inevitably declines. In their disillusionment the masses again turn to the new leadership and a new aristocracy emerges.'
  9. ↑ Marstiller, James K.; Joerding Fickeler, Jennifer (2005). The Power to Innovate: Rewiring the Minds of Individuals and Organizations . Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. 169. ISBN   978-1-4208-3510-6 . Retrieved 17 May 2019 . Throughout the ages it was believed that leaders were born, that the ability to lead was somehow inherited through the blood. [...] In spite of many examples throughout history of blue-blood leadership ineptitude, birthright and competency became intertwined in the human psyche. This perception remained until the 20th century.
  10. ↑ Cano, PE, Librado F. (2010). Transformation Of An Individual Family Community Nation And The World . Trafford Publishing. p. 134. ISBN   978-1-4269-4766-7 .
  11. ↑ Singh, Ravinder; Rani, Ajita (2017). Human Behaviour . Notion Press. ISBN   978-1-946983-31-2 . [...] emotionally attuned, responsive, and consensual empathetic guidance, which is sometimes associated with matriarchies, where the women rule.
  12. ↑ Saxena Dr., P.K. (2009). Principles of Management, A Modern Approach . New Delhi: Global India Publications PVT LTD. p. 30. ISBN   978-81-907941-5-2 . Comparable to the Roman tradition, the views of Confucianism on "right living" relate very much to the ideal of the (male) scholar-leader and his benevolent rule, buttressed by a tradition of filial piety.
  13. ↑ The Art of War: Complete Texts and Commentaries (2003) 44, translated by Thomas Cleary
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  16. ↑ Benjamin Jowett's translation of Plato's Republic does not use the word "leadership"; Plato discusses primarily a " guardian " class. See Plato (1892). The Dialogues of Plato translated into English with Analyses and Introductions by B. Jowett, M.A. Vol. 3. Oxford University Press . Retrieved 2014-09-12 .
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