????????? ??????

????????? ??????
????????? ??????
?????	?? ?????? ???? ; ??????? ??? ???????? ; (?????? ????? ? ??? )
??????	? ?????? ???? (?? ???) ; ????? ? ???
??? ???	???? ????
????	???
????	????????? ; ???????
????(??)	???????? ??????
???????	???? ?????? ; ???? ?????? ; ???? ??????? ; ????? ?????????? ; ???????? ??????

????????? ?????? (?? ??????? : Dhirubhai Ambani ) (???? ?? ?????? ???? - ??????? ? ????? ????) ???????? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????.

????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? (????????) ??? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????.

??????? [ ?????? ]

???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????. ^[?] ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????.

?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????.

????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ≪????????? ??????≫ ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????? ????? ????? ??. ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????.

??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????.

?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????.

?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ≪??????? ??????≫ ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????????????? ? ????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ≪?????≫ ???? ??????????.

?????? ???????:

?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????.

?? ?? ≪????????? ??????≫? ???? ≪ ???? ?????? ≫ ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????.

??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???????.

??????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????????.

?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ???????.

?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????.

??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ? ??? ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????. ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? $ ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? $ ??????? ???? ????????.

?????????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????:

???? ??? : ??????? ???????? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ? ????? ???????? ? ???? ? ?????? ????????????? ??? ? ????????? ??? .
???? ????? : ?????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ?????
???? ??????? : ????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ? ????? ???? .

??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????.

??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???. ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????.

???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????. ^[?] ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????: ?????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????.

????????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ?? ??? ! ?? ≪ ????????? ??????? ≫ ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ^[?] ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????????.

??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? $ ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????.

???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?????.

?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????.

??? ?????????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ? ????????? ???? ????. ^[?]

?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????????.

?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????.

??? ???????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????.

??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? $ ?????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? $ ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????????? ?????.

????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????. ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????.

????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????.

????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ???? ??????? ????????.

??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????????. ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ? ??? ????? ????? ???.

????? ??? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????????. ???????????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ≪??????≫ ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????.

??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ? ??? ? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????????. ^[?]

???? ????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ?????? ????? (?? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????????) ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????.

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Shah, Manan. "Company History" . money control.
↑ "India's 50 Biggest Non- Financial Companies" . Business World . 29/10/2012. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . {{ cite news }}: |first= missing |last= ( help ) ; Check date values in: |date= ( help )
↑ ≪???? ????? ???≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? .
↑ "RIL lines up close to $1 billion plan in aerospace sector, may hire around 1,500 people" . The Times Of India . 28 July 2012.
↑ "India's top 10 brands" . business.rediff.com . Retrieved 26 October 2010 .

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Dhirubhai Ambani ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ????.

[1] Shah, Manan. "Company History" . money control.

[2] "India's 50 Biggest Non- Financial Companies" . Business World . 29/10/2012. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . {{ cite news }}: |first= missing |last= ( help ) ; Check date values in: |date= ( help )

[3] ≪???? ????? ???≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? .

[4] "RIL lines up close to $1 billion plan in aerospace sector, may hire around 1,500 people" . The Times Of India . 28 July 2012.

[top10-5] "India's top 10 brands" . business.rediff.com . Retrieved 26 October 2010 .

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

? ? ? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????????
????	Ebrahim Alkazi Kishori Amonkar ?????? ????? M. Balamuralikrishna T. Balasaraswati ??? ?????? Nandalal Bose Hariprasad Chaurasia Girija Devi Kumar Gandharva ???? ????????????? Satish Gujral Gangubai Hangal ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer Bhimsen Joshi ???????? ??? Amjad Ali Khan Allauddin Khan ???????? ??? Yamini Krishnamurthy ????? ????? R. K. Laxman Birju Maharaj Kishan Maharaj ??? ??????? Sonal Mansingh Mallikarjun Mansur ????? ???? ????? ??????? Kelucharan Mohapatra Raghunath Mohapatra Jasraj Motiram Benode Behari Mukherjee ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? D. K. Pattammal K. Shankar Pillai ?????? ??????? ???? Kaloji Narayana Rao ???????? ??? S. H. Raza ???? ???? Uday Shankar ???? ?????? V. Shantaram Shivkumar Sharma Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman ??. ??. ?????????? K. G. Subramanyan Kapila Vatsyayan Homai Vyarawalla
????? ???????	Bimala Prasad Chaliha Naresh Chandra T. N. Chaturvedi Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri Suranjan Das Rajeshwar Dayal Basanti Devi P. N. Dhar Jyotindra Nath Dixit M. S. Gill Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim H. V. R. Iyengar Bhola Nath Jha Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi Ajudhia Nath Khosla Rai Krishnadasa V. Krishnamurthy P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam Pratap Chandra Lal K. B. Lall Sam Manekshaw Om Prakash Mehra Mohan Sinha Mehta ???????? ???? Brajesh Mishra Sumati Morarjee A. Ramasamy Mudaliar Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan Braj Kumar Nehru Bhairab Dutt Pande Ghananand Pande ?????? ?????? ?????? T. V. Rajeswar C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao Pattadakal Venkanna R Rao V. K. R. V. Rao Khusro Faramurz Rustamji Harish Chandra Sarin Binay Ranjan Sen Homi Sethna Arjan Singh Harbaksh Singh Kirpal Singh ???????? ???? Tarlok Singh Lallan Prasad Singh Balaram Sivaraman Chandrika Prasad Srivastava T. Swaminathan Arun Shridhar Vaidya Dharma Vira Narinder Nath Vohra
?????? ? ????? ? ?????	V. S. R. Arunachalam ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? Tara Chand Suniti Kumar Chatterji D. P. Chattopadhyaya Bhabatosh Datta Avinash Dixit ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? Sarvepalli Gopal Lakshman Shastri Joshi Kaka Kalelkar Dhondo Keshav Karve Gopinath Kaviraj Kuvempu O. N. V. Kurup Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Sitakant Mahapatra John Mathai Kotha Satchidanda Murthy Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri Bal Ram Nanda ?.?. ??????? ?????? ?????? K. N. Raj C. Rangarajan Raja Rao Ramoji Rao Hormasji Maneckji Seervai Rajaram Shastri Kalu Lal Shrimali Govindbhai Shroff Khushwant Singh Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey Mahadevi Varma Bashir Hussain Zaidi
?????	Jasbir Singh Bajaj B. K. Goyal Purshotam Lal A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar S. I. Padmavati Autar Singh Paintal Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti Balu Sankaran V. Shanta Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar Prakash Narain Tandon Brihaspati Dev Triguna M. S. Valiathan
????	???????? ???????? B. K. S. Iyengar Rambhadracharya Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
???? ??????	L. K. Advani Montek Singh Ahluwalia ????? ??? ??? Fazal Ali Adarsh Sein Anand Madhav Shrihari Aney Parkash Singh Badal Sikander Bakht Milon K. Banerji Mirza Hameedullah Beg P. N. Bhagwati Raja Chelliah Chandra Kisan Daphtary Niren De C. D. Deshmukh Anthony Lancelot Dias Uma Shankar Dikshit Kazi Lhendup Dorjee P. B. Gajendragadkar Benjamin A. Gilman Zakir Husain V. R. Krishna Iyer Jagmohan Lakshmi Chand Jain Aditya Nath Jha Mehdi Nawaz Jung Ali Yavar Jung Vijay Kelkar Hans Raj Khanna V. N. Khare Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai Jivraj Narayan Mehta V. K. Krishna Menon Hirendranath Mukherjee Ajoy Mukherjee ?????? ?????? Padmaja Naidu ????? ??? ????? Govind Narain Fali Sam Nariman Hosei Norota Nanabhoy Palkhivala K. Parasaran Hari Vinayak Pataskar Naryana Raghvan Pillai Sri Prakasa N. G. Ranga Ravi Narayana Reddy Y. Venugopal Reddy Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq Lakshmi Sahgal M. C. Setalvad Karan Singh Nagendra Singh Swaran Singh ????? ?????? Soli Sorabjee Kalyan Sundaram Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi ???? ?????? ??????? M. N. Venkatachaliah Kottayan Katankot Venugopal Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
???? ? ??????	V. K. Aatre Salim Ali ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? Rajagopala Chidambaram ????? ????? Satish Dhawan Anil Kakodkar ?????? ???????????? ????????? Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? Verghese Kurien ??????? ???? ??????? G. Madhavan Nair Roddam Narasimha ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? Benjamin Peary Pal ??? ??? I. G. Patel ?????????? ??????????? K. R. Ramanathan ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??. ??. ??. ??? Palle Rama Rao ?????? ????? Man Mohan Sharma Obaid Siddiqi E. Sreedharan M. R. Srinivasan ?? ?? ???? ???????? M. S. Swaminathan
???? ???????	Baba Amte Pandurang Shastri Athavale Janaki Devi Bajaj Mirabehn Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay Durgabai Deshmukh Nanaji Deshmukh Nirmala Deshpande Mohan Dharia U. N. Dhebar Valerian Gracias Veerendra Heggade Mary Clubwala Jadhav Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta Usha Mehta Sister Nirmala Nellie Sengupta
?????	?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????
????? ? ????	????????? ?????? Ghanshyam Das Birla Ashok Sekhar Ganguly ???? ?????? ?????? ????? N. R. Narayana Murthy M. Narasimham Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi ???? ????? Prathap C. Reddy ??. ??. ??. ???? ????? ????
?????:??? ???:????:????????? ??? ?????????:?????????? ???