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????? ????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???. ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????. ^[?]

???? ????? ? ??????? ????-?????? [ ?????? ]

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????? ???? [ ?????? ]

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????????? ???? [ ?????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (?????????)? ??? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ????. ^[?]

?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????. ^[?]

????? ???? ???? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????. ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ^[?] ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???. ^[?]

???? ? ???? ???? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ? ??????? (??? ?????? ???? ?? ????)? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????.

???????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Early modern period ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ????.

[1] The Dialogue of Civilizations in the Birth of Modern Science 2006th Edition

[2] Joseph Needham?A Publication History

[3] The Gunpowder Age:

[4] A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1300

[5] Indonesia's History Between the Myths

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? ? ? ???? ? ????? ????
????????	?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? Romano-Germanic culture ???? ??????
???????	European Bronze Age ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ) ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? Late modern period ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? Great Divergence ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???
?????	????? ?????? ??? Periods ????? Cuisine Diet ??? ?????? ???? ??????? Clothing History ??? ?????????? Astrology Folklore Law ??????? Eurolinguistics Standard Average European Literature ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? Chant Classical Folk 20th century Mythology ????? ( contemporary ) ????? ??? ????? ??? Values Religion ????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ???? Decline ?????????
?????	????? ??????? Judeo-Christian ethics ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? Peritrope
???	?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? / ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? Celtic Finnish ????? ??????????? Frankish Gothic ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????
????	????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????
???????????? ?????	???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? Baltic Assembly ?????? British?Irish Council Bucharest Nine ????? ????? Craiova Group EEA EFTA ????? ????? ????? EU ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ??? G7 Lancaster House Treaties ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? OSCE Pacific Islands Forum Rio Treaty ????? ???? ????? ??? (????????-??????) Three Seas Initiative USMCA ???? ??????? West Nordic Council ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??????