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???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ "??????" . ????????? . 2020-06-02.
↑ https://parsi.euronews.com/2024/02/14/why-dont-lakes-absorb-into-the-ground
↑ https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/what-country-has-the-most-lakes
↑ Verpoorter, Charles; Kutser, Tiit; Seekell, David A.; Tranvik, Lars J. (2014). "A global inventory of lakes based on high-resolution satellite imagery" . Geophysical Research Letters (?? ???????). 41 (18): 6396?6402. doi : 10.1002/2014GL060641 . ISSN 1944-8007 . Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 25 August 2021 .
↑ "Physical Components of Watersheds" . Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013 . Retrieved 17 December 2012 .
↑ "Lakes in Finland" . ymparisto.fi. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 . Retrieved 30 September 2007 .
↑ Seekell, D.; Cael, B.; Lindmark, E.; Bystrom, P. (2021). "The Fractal Scaling Relationship for River Inlets to Lakes" . Geophysical Research Letters (?? ???????). 48 (9): e2021GL093366. doi : 10.1029/2021GL093366 . ISSN 1944-8007 . Archived from the original on 23 June 2022 . Retrieved 25 August 2021 .
↑ Mark, David M. (1983). "On the Composition of Drainage Networks Containing Lakes: Statistical Distribution of Lake In-Degrees" . Geographical Analysis (?? ???????). 15 (2): 97?106. doi : 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1983.tb00772.x . ISSN 1538-4632 .
↑ Downing, J.A.; Prairie, Y. T.; Cole, J.J.; Duarte, C.M.; Tranvik, L.J.; Striegl, R.G.; McDowell, W.H.; Kortelainen, P.; Caraco, N.F.; Melack, J.M. (2006). "The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments" . Limnology and Oceanography . 51 (5): 2388?2397. Bibcode : 2006LimOc..51.2388D . doi : 10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388 . ISSN 0024-3590 .
↑ Cael, B. B.; Seekell, D. A. (2016-07-08). "The size-distribution of Earth's lakes" . Scientific Reports (?? ???????). 6 (1): 29633. doi : 10.1038/srep29633 . ISSN 2045-2322 .
↑ "Constraints on Titan's topography through fractal analysis of shorelines" . Icarus (?? ???????). 209 (2): 723?737. 2010-10-01. doi : 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.04.023 . ISSN 0019-1035 .
↑ Sharma, Priyanka; Byrne, Shane (2011). "Comparison of Titan's north polar lakes with terrestrial analogs" . Geophysical Research Letters (?? ???????). 38 (24). doi : 10.1029/2011GL049577 . ISSN 1944-8007 .
↑ Cabrol, Nathalie A.; Grin, Edmond A. (2010-09-15). Lakes on Mars (?? ???????). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-093162-3 .
↑ Seekell, David A.; Pace, Michael L. (2011). "Does the Pareto distribution adequately describe the size-distribution of lakes?" . Limnology and Oceanography (?? ???????). 56 (1): 350?356. doi : 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0350 . ISSN 1939-5590 . Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 25 August 2021 .
↑ "Valley network-fed, open-basin lakes on Mars: Distribution and implications for Noachian surface and subsurface hydrology" . Icarus (?? ???????). 198 (1): 37?56. 2008-11-01. doi : 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.016 . ISSN 0019-1035 .
↑ Seekell, David A.; Pace, Michael L. (2011). "Does the Pareto distribution adequately describe the size-distribution of lakes?" . Limnology and Oceanography (?? ???????). 56 (1): 350?356. doi : 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0350 . ISSN 1939-5590 . Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 25 August 2021 .
↑ ???? ??????
↑ ?????????????? ????????? ???? ?????: ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine . ??????: ?????? ????.
↑ oligotrophic lake
↑ mesotrophic lake
↑ eutrophic lake
↑ monomictic lake
↑ dimictic lake
↑ senescent lake, extinction lake
↑ dry lake
↑ ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?? ? ??????

[1] "??????" . ????????? . 2020-06-02.

[2] ttps://parsi.euronews.com/2024/02/14/why-dont-lakes-absorb-into-the-ground

[3] ttps://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/what-country-has-the-most-lakes

[4] Verpoorter, Charles; Kutser, Tiit; Seekell, David A.; Tranvik, Lars J. (2014). "A global inventory of lakes based on high-resolution satellite imagery" . Geophysical Research Letters (?? ???????). 41 (18): 6396?6402. doi : 10.1002/2014GL060641 . ISSN 1944-8007 . Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 25 August 2021 .

[5] "Physical Components of Watersheds" . Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013 . Retrieved 17 December 2012 .

[6] "Lakes in Finland" . ymparisto.fi. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 . Retrieved 30 September 2007 .

[fenh-7] Seekell, D.; Cael, B.; Lindmark, E.; Bystrom, P. (2021). "The Fractal Scaling Relationship for River Inlets to Lakes" . Geophysical Research Letters (?? ???????). 48 (9): e2021GL093366. doi : 10.1029/2021GL093366 . ISSN 1944-8007 . Archived from the original on 23 June 2022 . Retrieved 25 August 2021 .

[8] Mark, David M. (1983). "On the Composition of Drainage Networks Containing Lakes: Statistical Distribution of Lake In-Degrees" . Geographical Analysis (?? ???????). 15 (2): 97?106. doi : 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1983.tb00772.x . ISSN 1538-4632 .

[DowningPrairie2006-9] Downing, J.A.; Prairie, Y. T.; Cole, J.J.; Duarte, C.M.; Tranvik, L.J.; Striegl, R.G.; McDowell, W.H.; Kortelainen, P.; Caraco, N.F.; Melack, J.M. (2006). "The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments" . Limnology and Oceanography . 51 (5): 2388?2397. Bibcode : 2006LimOc..51.2388D . doi : 10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388 . ISSN 0024-3590 .

[10] Cael, B. B.; Seekell, D. A. (2016-07-08). "The size-distribution of Earth's lakes" . Scientific Reports (?? ???????). 6 (1): 29633. doi : 10.1038/srep29633 . ISSN 2045-2322 .

[11] "Constraints on Titan's topography through fractal analysis of shorelines" . Icarus (?? ???????). 209 (2): 723?737. 2010-10-01. doi : 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.04.023 . ISSN 0019-1035 .

[12] Sharma, Priyanka; Byrne, Shane (2011). "Comparison of Titan's north polar lakes with terrestrial analogs" . Geophysical Research Letters (?? ???????). 38 (24). doi : 10.1029/2011GL049577 . ISSN 1944-8007 .

[13] Cabrol, Nathalie A.; Grin, Edmond A. (2010-09-15). Lakes on Mars (?? ???????). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-093162-3 .

[:1-14] Seekell, David A.; Pace, Michael L. (2011). "Does the Pareto distribution adequately describe the size-distribution of lakes?" . Limnology and Oceanography (?? ???????). 56 (1): 350?356. doi : 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0350 . ISSN 1939-5590 . Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 25 August 2021 .

[15] "Valley network-fed, open-basin lakes on Mars: Distribution and implications for Noachian surface and subsurface hydrology" . Icarus (?? ???????). 198 (1): 37?56. 2008-11-01. doi : 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.016 . ISSN 0019-1035 .

[16] Seekell, David A.; Pace, Michael L. (2011). "Does the Pareto distribution adequately describe the size-distribution of lakes?" . Limnology and Oceanography (?? ???????). 56 (1): 350?356. doi : 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0350 . ISSN 1939-5590 . Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 25 August 2021 .

[17] ???? ??????

[18] ?????????????? ????????? ???? ?????: ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine . ??????: ?????? ????.

[19] trophic lake

[20] sotrophic lake

[21] utrophic lake

[22] tic lake

[23] tic lake

[24] senescent lake, extinction lake

[25] ry lake

[26] ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????

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