한국   대만   중국   일본 
?????????? ?????? ????? - ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????

?????????? ?????? ?????

?? ?????????? ????????? ????
?????????? ?????? ?????
???? ?? ????????????? ??????

???? ????? ????? ??????
????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? [?] [?] [?] [?]
??????
?????? ?????
???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????.
?????
??????? ?????

??????? ?????? ???

??????????? ????????????? ??????

??????????? ???????? ??????

????? ? ??????

???? ????????: ???
?(inc. UDR )
RUC: 301
NIPS : 24
TA : 7
???? ???????? ?????????? : ?
????? ????? ?????? ???????? : ?
????? ?????? ??????? ???????? : ?
Total : 1,049 [?]

Irish Army: 1
Gardai: ?
IPS : 1
Total : 11 [?] 		PIRA: 292
INLA: 38
OIRA: 27
IPLO: 9
RIRA: 2
Total : 368 [?] 		UDA: 91
UVF: 62
RHC: 4
LVF: 3
UR: 2 [?]
Total : 162 [?]
{{{1}}}

?????????? ?????? ????? [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] ?? ???????? ( ??????? : The Troubles , ??????? : Na Triobloidi) ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? [??] [??] [??] [??] ?? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???.

??? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ???. [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. [?] [?] [??] [??] [??]

??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????? ?????. [??]

?????? [ ?????? ]

????????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????.

?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? (planters) ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. [??] ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? (?????????) ? ??? ???????? (?????????) ??. ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ????.

?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????. ??????????? ????? ?? ??? " Peep O'Day Boys " ?????? [??] ? ?????????? ≪ ??????? ≫ ?? ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. [??]

????????? [ ?????? ]

?? ?? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? (????? ?? ????)? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???. [??]

?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? (?? ? ?????? ???? ????? ????), ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ? ?????? ? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ≪??????≫ ?????? ????. ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? (?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????) ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????.

?????????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. [??]

????????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ????: ????? ??????
????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??.
???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??.

?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? (UVF) ?? ????? ?????. [??] ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??. ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????, ? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? . ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??????. [??]

????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? [ ?????? ]

?? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????.

???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? (???????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??) ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????????. ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? - ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? - ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ????????.

?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? - ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? - ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????.

??? ????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? (IRA) ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???. IRA ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???. ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? IRA? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???. ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????.

?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????. (? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????) ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ????.

?????????? ??? ????????? ?? ≪??????≫ ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ????. ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ?????????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????.

?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? (?? ?? ??? ???? ???????) ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??. ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? Sunningdale ? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????. ?????????? Sunningdale ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ???? ????????.

????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????

????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??. ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? (????) ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? (???? ????? ???? ????) ????? ??. ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? - ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? (????)? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ? ????? ??????? - ????? ??. ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????.

?? ?? IRA ? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? IRA (??? ????) ???. ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? - ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? IRA ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? (?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????) - ? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? (?????????? ??????) ?? ????? ???? ???? ??. ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? (?? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????) ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???.

?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? (UUP)? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??? (SDLP)? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? (DUP)? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ???. ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????. [??]

????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ Melaugh, Martin (3 February 2006). "Frequently Asked Questions ? The Northern Ireland Conflict" . Conflict Archive on the Internet . ??????? ?????? . Retrieved 18 May 2017 .
  2. ↑ ??? ??? Aughey, Arthur (2005). The Politics of Northern Ireland: Beyond the Belfast Agreement . London New York: Routledge. p.  7 . ISBN   978-0-415-32788-6 . OCLC   55962335 .
  3. ↑ ??? ??? Holland, Jack (August 1999). Hope Against History: The Course of Conflict in Northern Ireland . Henry Holt and Company . p.  221 . ISBN   978-0-8050-6087-4 . The troubles were over, but the killing continued. Some of the heirs to Ireland's violent traditions refused to give up their inheritance.
  4. ↑ Gillespie, Gordon (2008). Historical Dictionary of the Northern Ireland Conflict . Scarecrow Press. p.  250 . ISBN   978-0-8108-5583-0 .
  5. ↑ Taylor, Peter (1997). "Chapter 21: Stalemate". Behind the Mask: The IRA and Sinn Fein . New York: TV Books. pp.  246 ?61. ISBN   978-1-57500-061-9 . OCLC   38012191 .
  6. ↑ Ministry of Defence Annual Report and Accounts 2006?2007 (PDF) (Report). ????? ???? ???????? . 23 July 2007. HC 697 . Retrieved 24 February 2016 .
  7. ↑ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Sutton, Malcom. "Sutton Index of Deaths" . Conflict Archive on the Internet . Retrieved 18 May 2017 .
  8. ↑ Melaugh, Martin. "CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations ? 'U' " . Conflict Archive on the Internet . ??????? ?????? .
  9. ↑ Sutton, Malcom. "Sutton Index of Deaths ? Status Summary" . Conflict Archive on the Internet .
  10. ↑ Melaugh, Martin; Lynn, Brendan. "Glossary of Terms on Northern Ireland Conflict" . Conflict Archive on the Internet . ??????? ?????? . The term 'the Troubles' is a euphemism used by people in Ireland for the present conflict. The term has been used before to describe other periods of Irish history. On the CAIN web site the terms 'Northern Ireland conflict' and 'the Troubles', are used interchangeably.
  11. ↑ McEvoy, Joanne (2008). The politics of Northern Ireland . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p.  1 . ISBN   978-0-7486-2501-7 . OCLC   232570935 . The Northern Ireland conflict, known locally as 'the Troubles', endured for three decades and claimed the lives of more than 3,500 people.
  12. ↑ McKittrick, David; McVea, David (2001). Making Sense of the Troubles: A History of the Northern Ireland Conflict (Rev ed.). Penguin Books . ISBN   978-0-14-100305-4 .
  13. ↑ Gillespie, Gordon (2009). The A to Z of the Northern Ireland Conflict . Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-7045-1 .
  14. ↑ Edwards, Aaron; McGrattan, Cillian (2012). The Northern Ireland Conflict: A Beginner's Guide . Oneworld Publications . ISBN   978-1-78074-171-0 .
  15. ↑ Mitchell, Claire (2013). Religion, Identity and Politics in Northern Ireland . Ashgate Publishing. p. 5. The most popular school of thought on religion is encapsulated in McGarry and O'Leary's Explaining Northern Ireland (1995), and it is echoed by Coulter (1999) and Clayton (1998). A common assertion is that religion is an ethnic marker, but that it is not generally politically relevant in and of itself. Instead, ethnonationalism lies at the root of the conflict. Hayes and McAllister (1999) point out that this represents something of an academic consensus.
  16. ↑ John McGarry & Brendan O'Leary (15 June 1995). Explaining Northern Ireland . Wiley-Blackwell. p. 18. ISBN   978-0-631-18349-5 .
  17. ↑ Dermot Keogh, ed. (28 January 1994). Northern Ireland and the Politics of Reconciliation . Cambridge University Press. pp. 55?59. ISBN   978-0-521-45933-4 .
  18. ↑ John Coakley. "Ethnic Conflict and the Two-State Solution: The Irish Experience of Partition" . Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2012 . Retrieved 15 February 2009 . ...these attitudes are not rooted particularly in religious belief, but rather in underlying ethnonational identity patterns.
  19. ↑ Lesley-Dixon, Kenneth (2018). Northern Ireland: The Troubles: From The Provos to The Det . Pen and Sword Books . p. 13.
  20. ↑ Schaeffer, Robert (1999). Severed States: Dilemmas of Democracy in a Divided World . Rowman & Littlefield. pp.  152 .
  21. ↑ Rainey, Mark (12 November 2016). "Special Branch officer's insider view of Northern Ireland's 'secret war' " . The News Letter . Johnston Publishing (NI).
  22. ↑ Taylor, Peter (26 September 2014). "Who Won The War? Revisiting NI on 20th anniversary of ceasefires" . BBC News . Retrieved 26 September 2014 . {{ cite news }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= ( help )
  23. ↑ "Troubles 'not war' motion passed" . BBC. 18 February 2008 . Retrieved 3 March 2015 .
  24. ↑ Hennessey, Thomas (2001). The Northern Ireland peace process: ending the troubles? . Palgrave Macmillan. pp.  48 . ISBN   978-0-312-23949-7 .
  25. ↑ Gillespie, Gordon (November 2007). Historical Dictionary of the Northern Ireland Conflict . Scarecrow Press. p. 250. ISBN   978-0-8108-5583-0 .
  26. ↑ Elliott, Marianne (2007). The Long Road to Peace in Northern Ireland: Peace Lectures from the Institute of Irish Studies at Liverpool University (2 ed.). ???????? ??????? ??????? . pp.  2 , 188. ISBN   1-84631-065-2 .
  27. ↑ Goodspeed, Michael (2002). When Reason Fails: Portraits of Armies at War: America, Britain, Israel, and the Future . Greenwood Publishing Group . pp.  44 , 61. ISBN   0-275-97378-6 .
  28. ↑ "Draft List of Deaths Related to the Conflict (2003?present)" . Retrieved 31 July 2008 .
  29. ↑ "Out of trouble: How diplomacy brought peace to Northern Ireland" . CNN. 17 March 2008 . Retrieved 2 November 2008 .
  30. ↑ ???? ???? Frank Wright. Ulster: Two Lands, One Soil , 1996, p. 17.
  31. ↑ "Profile: The Orange Order" . BBC News . 4 July 2001 . Retrieved 2 November 2008 .
  32. ↑ English, Richard (2006). Irish Freedom: The History of Nationalism in Ireland . Pan Books. pp. 200?231. ISBN   978-0-330-42759-3 .
  33. ↑ ???? ???? ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref> ? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? coogan ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  34. ↑ Jones, Emrys , Bottigheimer, Karl S. , Smyth, Jim , Coulter, Colin and Aughey, Arthur H.. " Northern Ireland ". Encyclopedia Britannica, Invalid Date. Accessed 22 March 2021.
??????? ?? ≪ https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??????????_??????_?????&oldid=39570201 ≫